Table 1.
Basic information of the included studies
| No | study | Diagnostic criteria | N(M/F) | Age(M±SD) | Site for stimulation | Frequency | Magnitude (%MT) | Course of therapy (week) | Sham stimulation | Combined with medication (Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rTMS group | Sham stimulation group | |||||||||
| 1 | George 1997 | DSM-IV | 7(1/6) 42.4(15.47) | 5(0/5) 41.0(8.28) | Left DLPFC | 20 Hz | 90 | 4 | 45o | Y |
| 2 | Klein 1999 | DSM-IV | 36(7/29) 60.5(15.1) | 34(10/24) 58.9(18.3) | Right prefrontal area | 1 Hz | 110 | 2 | 45o | Y |
| 3 | Berman 2000 | DSM-IV | 10(8/2) 45.2(9.54) | 10(6/4) 39.4(10.81) | Left DLPFC | 20 Hz | 80 | 2 | 45o | Y |
| 4 | George 2000 | 20(7/13) 42.2(10.8) | 10(4/6) 48.5(8) | Left prefrontal cortex | 5/20 Hz | 100 | 2 | 45o | Y | |
| 5 | Garcia 2001 | DSM-IV | 11(5/6) 43.2(13.1) | 11(5/6) 45.0(18.3) | Left DLPFC | 20 Hz | 90 | 2 | 90o | Y |
| 6 | Kauffmann 2004 | DSM-IV | 5(NA) (NA) | 7(NA) (NA) | 5cm anterior to the Right Motor Cortex | 1 Hz | 110 | 2 | 45o | Y |
| 7 | Rumi 2005 | DSM-IV | 22(3/19) 39.3(12.8) | 24(4/20) 38.9(8.8) | Left DLPFC | 5 Hz | 120 | 4 | Sham coil | Y |
| 8 | Avery 2006 | DSM-IV | 35(14/21) 26.2(12.3) | 33(17/16) 25.4(11.7) | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 110 | 3 | 90o | Y |
| 9 | Januel 2006 | DSM-IV | 11(2/9) 38.64(11.16) | 16(4/12) 37.19(11.67) | Right DLPFC | 1Hz | 90 | 4 | Sham coil | Y |
| 10 | Loo 2007 | DSM-IV | 19(11/8) 45.7(15.0) | 19(9/10) 49.8(2.5) | Left DLPFC | 10Hz | 110 | 6 | Sham coil | Y |
| 11 | Reardon 2007 | DSM-IV | 155(69/86) 47.9(11.0) | 146(72/74) 48.7(10.6) | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 120 | 6 | Sham coil | Y |
| 12 | Mogg 2008 | DSM-IV | 29(13/16) 55(18.0) | 30(9/21) 52(15.5) | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 110 | 2 | Sham coil | Y |
| 13 | Schutter 2009 | DSM-IV | 17(7/10) 44.4(11.8) | 17(10/7) 43.8(12.5) | Right parietal cortex | 2 Hz | 90 | 2 | Sham coil | Y |
| 14 | George 2010 | DSM-IV | 92(34/58) 47.7(10.6) | 98(36/62) 46.5(12.3) | Left prefrontal cortex | 10 Hz | 120 | 2 | NA | Y |
| 15 | Lingeswaran 2011 | DSM-IV | 9(3/6) 34(10.5) | 14(6/8) 37.2(11.8) | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 100 | 2 | 90o | Y |
| 16 | Ray 2011 | ICD-10 | 20(15/5) 36.75(12.27) | 20(17/3) 31.25(9.28) | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 90 | 2 | 45o | Y |
| 17 | Huang 2012 | DSM-IV | 28(9/19) 32.77(7.28) | 28(8/20) 31.35(7.39) | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 90 | 2 | 90o | Y |
| 18 | XIE 2015 | ICD-10 | 35(12/23) 65.3(5.1) | 26(8/18) 64.7(4.2) | Left DLPFC | 10Hz | 30 | 4 | Mock-coil | Y |
| 19 | Zhang 2011 | DSM-IV | 14(11/3) 50.8(13.3) | 14(9/5) 43.8(13.9) | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 110 | 4 | 180o | Y |
| 20 | Wang 2012 | CCMD-3 | 20(15/5) 34.85(13.71) | 20(14/6) 36.75(16.70) | Left DLPFC | 15 Hz | 110 | 4 | 180o | Y |
| 21 | Li 2013 | CCMD-3 | 15(9/6) NR | 15(8/7) NR | Left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 100 | 4 | 90o | Y |
| 22 | Wang 2013 | DSM-IV | 30(14/16) 37.68(8.13) | 29(13/16) 38.13(7.79) | right DLPFC | 1 Hz | 100 | 4 | 90o | Y |
| 23 | Fang 2014 | DSM-IV | 24(9/15) 41.63(11.02) | 24(10/14) 44.58(12.36) | left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 80 | 2 | Sham coil | Y |
| 24 | Yuan 2014 | DSM-IV | 30(9/21) 34.81±9.74 | 30(11/19) 36.76±17.79 | left DLPFC | 20 Hz | 110 | 6 | Sham coil | Y |
| 25 | Xu 2014 | CCMD-3 | 30(16/14) 35.4(8.6) | 30(15/15) 36.2(8.3) | left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 80 | 6 | 90o | Y |
| 26 | Hu 2015 | CCMD-3 | 35(20/15) 36.0(7.2) | 35(19/16) 35.6(7.5) | left DLPFC | 1-20 Hz | 80-110 | 4 | Sham coil | Y |
| 27 | Shi 2015 | ICD-10 | 42(19/23) NR | 42(21/21) NR | left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 100 | 4 | 90o | Y |
| 28 | Xiao 2015 | ICD-10 | 30(12/18) 31.6(10.2) | 30(11/19) 32.9(14.2) | left DLPFC | 10 Hz | 80 | 4 | Sham coil | Y |
| 29 | Liang 2016 | DSM-IV | 30(15/15) 36.60(5.75) | 30(13/17) 36.45(5.71) | left DLPFC | 10 Hz | NA | 8 | Sham coil | Y |
Remarks: N: number of subjects included in a study; M: Mean; SD:Standard deviation; DLPFC: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; MT: Motor Threshold; Y: Yes; N: No; NA: Not Applied