Table 5.

Estimates of direct and indirect effects of different yield contributing traits on dry root weight in Withania somnifera

Characteristics	PH	FRW	1,000 Seed weight	Total alk (L)	Wid (L)	Wi-A (L)	Wid-A (L)	12 DWR (L)	Total alk. (R)	Wid (R)	Wi-A % (R)	Wid- A % (R)	12 DWR (R)	Correlation (rg) DRW
PH	0.007	0.382	−0.098	0.011	−0.025	0.088	0.009	0.001	0.020	0.055	0.0006	0.005	−0.017	0.424**
FRW	−0.003	0.760	−0.049	0.015	−0.006	0.086	−0.015	0.003	0.006	0.038	0.0004	0.004	0.017	0.823**
1,000 Seed weight	−0.003	0.180	−0.210	−0.016	−0.023	0.022	0.036	−0.00008	0.023	0.144	0.0005	−0.007	−0.010	0.137
Total alk (L)	−0.0005	0.085	0.025	0.137	−0.034	−0.015	−0.015	−0.0007	−0.008	−0.057	−0.0002	−0.009	0.003	0.112
Wid (L)	−0.002	0.042	−0.047	0.045	−0.103	−0.022	0.015	0.0005	0.016	0.130	0.0003	0.006	−0.012	0.068
Wi-A % (L)	0.0002	−0.258	0.018	0.008	−0.009	−0.253	0.027	0.0001	0.005	0.086	−0.001	0.003	0.007	−0.364**
Wid-A % (L)	−0.0007	−0.125	−0.082	−0.023	−0.017	−0.075	0.093	0.001	0.011	0.110	0.00005	−0.018	0.011	−0.115
12 DWR (L)	−0.0007	0.170	0.001	−0.007	−0.004	−0.002	0.010	0.013	0.0008	0.084	−0.000003	0.0003	−0.002	0.263
Total alk (R)	0.003	−0.096	0.104	0.022	0.035	0.028	−0.021	−0.0002	−0.047	−0.129	−0.0003	−0.013	−0.005	−0.121
Wid (R)	0.001	−0.089	0.093	0.024	0.041	0.067	−0.031	−0.003	−0.019	−0.327	−0.0002	−0.011	0.031	−0.224
Wi-A % (R)	0.003	−0.225	0.068	0.024	0.018	−0.183	−0.003	0.00002	−0.008	−0.044	−0.001	−0.015	0.034	−0.336
Wid-A % (R)	0.0006	−0.059	−0.026	0.021	0.012	0.013	0.029	−0.00007	−0.011	−0.066	−0.0004	−0.057	0.019	−0.126
12 DWR (R)	0.001	−0.129	0.021	0.004	0.013	−0.019	0.010	−0.0002	0.002	−0.103	−0.0005	−0.011	0.098	−0.111

Residual effect = 0.49

alk, alkaloid; 12 DWS, 12 deoxywithastramonolide; FRW, fresh root weight; L, leaves; PH, plant height; R, roots; Wi-A, withaferin A; Wid, withanolide; Wid-A, withanolide A