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. 2017 Mar 2;42(2):183–191. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.02.005

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© 2017 The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 2 — Experimental protocol. (A) Dose–response test. (B) Positive control and naïve groups. (C) Mechanism test. (D) Blood sampling. Vehicle (0.9% saline) or ginsenoside Rf was intraperitoneally injected 2 h after plantar incision (open arrow, ). The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) with the von Frey filaments was measured at each time point (vertical lines). The black circle (●) represents the time point when incision was made in the positive control group but not in Naïve group. At the time point indicated by the white circle (○), 30 mg/kg ketorolac was injected in the positive control group, whereas 0.9% saline was administered to the Naïve group. Black arrow (): time that prazosin (P), yohimbine (Y), or ketanserin (K) were intraperitoneally injected. Black triangle (▲): blood sampling time point.

Experimental protocol. (A) Dose–response test. (B) Positive control and naïve groups. (C) Mechanism test. (D) Blood sampling. Vehicle (0.9% saline) or ginsenoside Rf was intraperitoneally injected 2 h after plantar incision (open arrow, ). The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) with the von Frey filaments was measured at each time point (vertical lines). The black circle (●) represents the time point when incision was made in the positive control group but not in Naïve group. At the time point indicated by the white circle (○), 30 mg/kg ketorolac was injected in the positive control group, whereas 0.9% saline was administered to the Naïve group. Black arrow (): time that prazosin (P), yohimbine (Y), or ketanserin (K) were intraperitoneally injected. Black triangle (▲): blood sampling time point.