TABLE 1.
Participant Characteristics by Recruitment Technique
| All (N = 330) |
Active (n = 146) |
Passive (n = 129) |
Snowball (n = 55) |
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| Characteristic | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | p |
| Age (years) | 56.4 | (5.1) | 56.1 | (4.9) | 56.4 | (5.4) | 57.2 | (4.7) | .01 |
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| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
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| Gender (male) | 173 | (52.4) | 83 | (56.8) | 56 | (43.4) | 34 | (61.8) | .03 |
| Marital status | .70 | ||||||||
| Married/living with partner | 102 | (30.9) | 47 | (32.2) | 40 | (31.0) | 15 | (27.3) | |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 118 | (35.8) | 56 | (38.4) | 44 | (34.1) | 18 | (32.7) | |
| Never married | 110 | (33.3) | 43 | (29.5) | 45 | (34.9) | 22 | (40.0) | |
| Education (≤ high school diploma)a | 167 | (50.6) | 71 | (48.6) | 58 | (45.0) | 38 | (69.1) | .01 |
| Employment (employed) | 132 | (40.0) | 60 | (41.1) | 55 | (42.6) | 17 | (30.9) | .30 |
| Ethnicity (Non-Hispanic) | 321 | (97.3) | 143 | (97.9) | 124 | (96.1) | 54 | (98.2) | .70 |
| Country of origin | |||||||||
| US-born | 310 | (93.9) | 131 | (89.7) | 125 | (96.9) | 54 | (98.2) | .02c |
| US-born, multigenerational | 303 | (97.7) | 127 | (96.9) | 122 | (97.6) | 54 | (100.0) | |
| US-born, first-generationb | 7 | (2.3) | 4 | (3.1) | 3 | (2.4) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Foreign-born | 20 | (6.1) | 15 | (10.3) | 4 | (3.1) | 1 | (1.8) | |
| African | 4 | (20.0) | 4 | (26.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Caribbean | 15 | (75.0) | 10 | (66.7) | 4 | (100.0) | 1 | (100.0) | |
| Central American | 1 | (5.0) | 1 | (6.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Health insurance (yes) | 187 | (56.7) | 72 | (49.3) | 77 | (59.7) | 38 | (69.1) | .03 |
| Regular personal physician (yes) | 196 | (59.6) | 74 | (50.7) | 89 | (69.0) | 33 | (61.1) | .01 |
| Family history, any cancer (yes)d | 150 | (45.5) | 62 | (42.5) | 60 | (46.5) | 28 | (50.9) | .64 |
a
Alternative is at least some college.
b
At least one parent is foreign-born.
c
p-value determined between US-born and foreign-born.
d
First-degree relative.