Table 3.
Poisson Regression of Recent Net Marital Fertility
| Model | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effects | None | SEA | None | SEA |
| Additional Universe Restriction | None | None | NBNP | NBNP |
| Coef. sig. | Coef. sig. | Coef. sig. | Coef. sig. | |
| Covariates associated with Potential Childrearing Assistance | ||||
| Co-resident mother | −0.027*** | −0.022*** | −0.026*** | −0.019*** |
| Co-resident mother-in-law | −0.005* | 0.005* | −0.003 | 0.013*** |
| Other co-resident females age 11 and older | −0.035*** | −0.033*** | −0.037*** | −0.035*** |
| Potential mother-in-law in +/− 5 households | 0.022*** | 0.016*** | 0.020*** | 0.017*** |
| Covariates associated with Economic “Readiness” | ||||
| Mother’s Labor Force Participation | −0.118*** | −0.108*** | −0.111*** | −0.094*** |
| Father’s Occupational Group | ||||
| Professional, Technical | −0.133*** | −0.118*** | −0.103*** | −0.088*** |
| Farmers and Farm Operatives | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Managers, Official, Proprietors | −0.174*** | −0.149*** | −0.180*** | −0.143*** |
| Clerical and Sales | −0.184*** | −0.150*** | −0.174*** | −0.126*** |
| Craftsmen | −0.122*** | −0.097*** | −0.123*** | −0.096*** |
| Apprentices, Operatives | −0.100*** | −0.067*** | −0.123*** | −0.075*** |
| Service Workers | −0.164*** | −0.134*** | −0.144*** | −0.120*** |
| Farm Laborers | −0.028*** | −0.018*** | −0.023*** | −0.013*** |
| Laborers | −0.066*** | −0.045*** | −0.055*** | −0.040*** |
| No Occupational Response | −0.160*** | −0.142*** | −0.132*** | −0.111*** |
| Average Value of Farms in County ($10,000) | −0.045*** | −0.037*** | −0.060*** | −0.047*** |
| Proportion of children age 8-14 in school | −0.279*** | −0.013** | −0.327*** | 0.002 |
| Covariates associated with Cultural “Willingness” | ||||
| Proportion of children biblically named | 0.067*** | 0.028*** | 0.057*** | 0.011*** |
| Race and Nativity | ||||
| Native Born White of Native Parentage | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Black | 0.029*** | 0.001 | 0.013*** | −0.012*** |
| Irish | 0.295*** | 0.344*** | ||
| German | 0.257*** | 0.288*** | ||
| British | 0.123*** | 0.156*** | ||
| Canadian | 0.117*** | 0.187*** | ||
| Scandinavian | 0.292*** | 0.303*** | ||
| French | 0.177*** | 0.209*** | ||
| Other Foreign Born | 0.215*** | 0.256*** | ||
| Second Generation Irish | 0.107*** | 0.137*** | ||
| Second Generation German | 0.112*** | 0.128*** | ||
| Second Generation British | −0.017*** | 0.019*** | ||
| Second Generation Canadian | 0.003 | 0.069*** | ||
| Second Generation Scandinavian | 0.003 | −0.027*** | ||
| Second Generation French | 0.071*** | 0.095*** | ||
| Second Generation Other Foreign Born | −0.001 | 0.006** | ||
| Other Covariates | ||||
| Residence Type | ||||
| Rural | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Urban less than 10,000 | −0.070*** | −0.072*** | −0.112*** | −0.106*** |
| Urban 10,000-100,000 | −0.086*** | −0.061*** | −0.166*** | −0.116*** |
| Urban, 100,000+ | −0.061*** | −0.023*** | −0.099*** | −0.058*** |
| Demographic Control Variables | ||||
| Mother’s Age 20-24 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Age 25-29 | −0.070*** | −0.059*** | −0.092*** | −0.075*** |
| Age 30-34 | −0.296*** | −0.277*** | −0.334*** | −0.302*** |
| Age 35-39 | −0.547*** | −0.520*** | −0.587*** | −0.542*** |
| Age 40-44 | −1.011*** | −0.978*** | −1.038*** | −0.983*** |
| Age 45-49 | −1.971*** | −1.936*** | −1.959*** | −1.900*** |
| Age Differential from Spouse | −0.011*** | −0.011*** | −0.011*** | −0.010*** |
| Prior Fertiity (number of children age 5 and older) | 0.069*** | 0.063*** | 0.077*** | 0.067*** |
| Number of observations | 5,435,171 | 5,435,171 | 3,092,056 | 3,092,056 |
| Log-likelihood | −6436041 | −6414179 | −3634058 | −3614565 |
| Prob>Chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Notes: Poisson regression. The dependent variable is the number of own children less than age five in the household. Interactions between nativity variables and proportion of children biblically named (centered at mean) and nativity variables and potential childrearing assistance variables not shown. Universe includes all currently married women age 20-49 with spouse present, with one or more own child in the household with a valid first name. “SEA” is State Economic Areas. See text. “NBNP” is native-born couples with native-born parents.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001