Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants (n = 4,869)
| Total sample | Underweight | Normal | Overweight | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | 22.26±3.24 | 17.18±1.16 | 21.82±1.75 | 27.13±2.47 |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 10.72 | — | — | — |
| Normal (18.5–25.0) | 71.70 | — | — | — |
| Overweight (>25.0) | 17.58 | — | — | — |
| Age (years) | 69.85±7.20 | 72.94±7.46 | 69.65±7.19 | 68.81±6.58 |
| Female | 55.31 | 57.28 | 52.96 | 63.67 |
| Education (years) | 9.16±2.76 | 8.92±2.87 | 9.19±2.74 | 9.16±2.75 |
| Household income (range: 1–5) | 2.87±1.10 | 2.65±1.10 | 2.89±1.10 | 2.93±1.12 |
| <1.2 million yen (1) | 10.45 | 16.67 | 9.77 | 9.46 |
| 1.2–3 million yen (2) | 29.14 | 30.08 | 29.16 | 28.50 |
| 3–5 million yen (3) | 30.58 | 29.89 | 30.71 | 30.49 |
| 5–10 million yen (4) | 22.30 | 18.77 | 22.80 | 22.43 |
| More than 10 million yen (5) | 7.52 | 4.60 | 7.56 | 9.11 |
| Household size | 3.89±2.41 | 4.42±2.31 | 3.83±2.41 | 3.80±2.44 |
| Married | 67.06 | 56.13 | 68.03 | 69.74 |
| Current working | 31.65 | 21.65 | 32.74 | 33.29 |
| Total conditions (range: 0–16) | 1.23±1.36 | 1.36±1.60 | 1.16±1.28 | 1.42±1.51 |
| Self-rated poor health (range: 3–15) | 7.69±2.81 | 8.45±3.11 | 7.56±2.74 | 7.79±2.85 |
| Functional status (range: 11.5–55) | 12.56±3.81 | 13.51±5.46 | 12.42±3.53 | 12.52±3.60 |
| Mortality | 36.74 | 53.64 | 36.21 | 28.62 |
| Attrition | 20.99 | 15.52 | 21.03 | 24.18 |
| Entry wave | ||||
| Wave 1 (year of 1987) | 45.18 | 55.99 | 44.79 | 40.22 |
| Wave 2 (year of 1990) | 7.52 | 5.92 | 7.55 | 8.36 |
| Wave 4 (year of 1996) | 18.44 | 8.09 | 19.32 | 21.19 |
| Wave 5 (year of 1999) | 28.86 | 30.0 | 28.34 | 30.24 |
Values represent mean ± SD or %.