Female NRG mice support higher human cell outputs than male hosts. Female (orange bars) and male (blue bars) mice were each transplanted with 2 × 104 human CD34+ CB cells and assessed for percentage of viable human cells in the BM 20 weeks later (A), and numbers per milliliter of PB 3 (left column), 12 (middle column), and 20 (right column) weeks later (B). The X-axis labels indicate the recipient sex, recipient age at transplantation in weeks, and whether irradiated human BM cells were coinjected with the CB cells. Letters above the bars indicate groups that are not significantly different from each other. Total numbers of mice in each group (from two experiments) were as follows: female, 8–12 weeks and no accessory cells: 20 mice; female, 21–25 weeks and no accessory cells: 18 mice; female, 8–12 weeks and accessory cells: 5 mice; male, 8–12 weeks and no accessory cells: 24 mice; male, 21–25 weeks and no accessory cells: 20 mice; male, 8–12 weeks and accessory cells: 4 mice; male, 21–25 weeks and accessory cells: 4 mice.