Table 3.

Results of Regression Analyses With Personality Traits Predicting Shortness of Breath

	OR
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Neuroticism	1.87 (1.72−2.03)*	1.52 (1.38–1.67)*	1.39 (1.26–1.53)*
Extraversion	0.56 (0.51–0.61)*	0.66 (0.60–0.73)*	0.71 (0.62–0.81)*
Openness	0.71 (0.65–0.78)*	0.75 (0.68–0.83)*	0.98 (0.86–1.12)
Agreeableness	0.77 (0.69–0.85)*	0.80 (0.71–0.91)*	1.21 (1.03–1.41)*
Conscientiousness	0.52 (0.47–0.57)*	0.67 (0.60–0.75)*	0.79 (0.69–0.90)*

Notes. BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR = odds ratio; PEF = peak expiratory flow.

Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, education, race, and ethnicity. Model 2 includes Model 1 covariates and lung function (PEF), ever and current smoking, moderate physical activity, BMI, COPD, stroke, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, and psychiatric disorders. Model 3 includes Model 2 covariates and all five factors simultaneously entered in the same model.

*p < .01.