Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Study (country) | Design (duration of study) | Cancer type | Sample size | Mean age (years) | Outcome
|
Main conclusion | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-day postoperative any complications (n, %) | 30-day postoperative major complications (n, %) | 90-day postoperative major complications (n, %) | ||||||
| Kenig et al14 (Poland) | Cohort study (2013–2014) | Colorectal cancer 66.6%, gastric cancer 10.7%, others 22.7% | 75 | 73 | 38, 50.7 | 20, 26.7 | – | TUGT and MOS-SSS were predictive factors of postoperative morbidity (both any and major complications); polypharmacy was an independent risk factor of 30-day postoperative major complications |
| Tan et al18 (Singapore) | Cohort study (2008–2010) | Colorectal cancer | 83 | 81.5 | – | 22, 26.5 | – | Patients with frailty had a significant four times higher risk of developing 30-day postoperative major complications |
| Pujara et al19 (USA) | Cohort study (2005–2014) | Gastric and gastroesophageal cancers | 279 | 64 | – | – | 67, 24 | Pain scale score >0, ≥10% weight loss and polypharmacy were independently associated with 90-day postoperative major morbidity |
| Lee et al13 (Korea) | Cohort study (2009–2014) | Colon tumor 62.5%, rectum tumor 37.5% | 240 | 76.7 | 183, 76.3 | 99, 41.3 | – | A score of ≥3 for comorbidities and a high ADL score were significantly and independently associated with a risk of major complications |
| Kristjansson et al17 (Norway) | Cohort study (2006–2008) | Colon tumor 71%, rectum tumor 29% | 182 | 80 | – | – | – | Severe comorbidity was the only CGA element predicting major complications; IADL dependency and depression were predictors of any complications |
| Kristjansson et al16 (Norway) | Cohort study (2006–2008) | Colon tumor 71%, rectum tumor 29% | 178 | 79.6 | 107, 60.1 | 83, 46.6 | – | Frailty was significantly associated with both any complications and major complications |
Abbreviations: TUGT, Timed Up and Go Test; MOS-SSS, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale; ADL, activities of daily living; CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.