Viability of exponential-phase and stationary-phase bacteria in the presence of 3 or the indicated antibiotics. (A) Exponential-phase S. aureus and (B) stationary-phase S. aureus were treated with antibiotics at the following concentrations: 0.5 μg/mL ampicillin sodium (1.35 μM), 32 μg/mL kanamycin sulfate (54.9 μM), 2 μg/mL norfloxacin (6.26 μM), and 8 μg/mL 3 (11.5 μM). (C) Exponential-phase P. aeruginosa and (D) stationaryphase P. aeruginosa were treated with 512 μg/mL ampicillin sodium (1.38 mM), 128 μg/mL kanamycin sulfate (219.6 μM), 2 μg/mL norfloxacin (6.26 μM), and 32 μg/mL 3 (41.6 μM).