Figure 4.

Bacterial within-community (alpha) diversity of the media samples and the microbiome in D. melanogaster developed at three different temperatures were investigated, using observed numbers of OTUs and diversity indices (a). The principal component analysis (PCA) shows the (beta) diversity of the microbiome in male D. melanogaster after rearing at 13°C, 25°C and 31°C (+), and related media samples (▪)(b). Microbiomes deriving from ramping experiments, in which flies reared at these temperatures were exposed to increasing (▴) or decreasing (•) temperatures. The 5 most loaded species are shown on the plot at their highest possible taxonomic classification.