TABLE IV.

Details of the 117 included studies

Agent category and reference	Age (years)	Cancer diagnosis	Timing	HSCT	Fatigue eligibility	Intervention	Control
Erythropoietins
Johansson et al., 2001 28	NR	Prostate cancer	Both	No	No	Epoetin beta	Epoetin beta
Littlewood et al., 2001 29	18.7–88.6	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Placebo
Osterberg et al., 2002 30	28–86	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin beta	Placebo
Vansteenkiste et al., 2002 31	36–80	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Placebo
Boogaerts et al., 2003 32	24–85	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin beta	Usual care
Glaspy et al., 2003 33	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	rHuEPO
Glossmann et al., 2003 34	19–65	Lymphoma	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin beta	Placebo
Iconomou et al., 2003 35	33–85	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	rHuEPO	Usual care
Kotasek et al., 2003 36	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Placebo
Smith et al., 2003 37	NR	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Placebo
Chang et al., 2004 38	27–85	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Usual care
Leyland Jones et al., 2005 39	24–84	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Placebo
O’Shaughnessy et al., 2005 40	42–64	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Placebo
Witzig et al., 2005 41	20–88	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Placebo
Littlewood et al., 2006 42	NR	Lymphoma	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Placebo
Morishima et al., 2006 43	22–79	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin beta	Epoetin beta
Norager et al., 2006 44	59–68	Colon cancer	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Placebo
Savonije et al., 2006 45	46–68	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Usual care
Straus et al., 2006 46	20–88	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Usual care
Wilkinson et al., 2006 47	30–87	Ovarian cancer	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Usual care
Charu et al., 2007 48	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Placebo
Charu et al., 2007 49	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Usual care
Zemelka et al., 2007 50	46–72	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	No	Erythropoietin	Usual care
Heras et al., 2008 51	35–70	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin beta	Epoetin beta
Hoskin et al., 2009 52	35–99	Head-and-neck	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Usual care
Tsuboi et al., 2009 53	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin beta	Placebo
Auerbach et al., 2010 54	27–97	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Darbepoetin alfa
Engert et al., 2010 55	18–60	Lymphoma	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Placebo
Ichinose et al., 2010 56	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Darbepoetin alfa	Darbepoetin alfa
Pronzato et al., 2010 57	27–77	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Usual care
Milroy et al., 2011 58	34–83	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	No	Epoetin alfa	Usual care
Stimulants
Bruera et al., 2006 59	22–85	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Butler et al., 2007 60	28–83	Brain tumours	On therapy	No	No	D-Methylphenidate	Placebo
Mar Fan et al., 2008 61	36–74	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	D-Methylphenidate	Placebo
Auret et al., 2009 62	NR	>1 Type	NR	No	Yes	Dexamphetamine	Placebo
Lower et al., 2009 63	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	D-Methylphenidate	Placebo
Moraska et al., 2010 64	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Roth et al., 2010 65	NR	Prostate cancer	On therapy	No	Yes	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Gehring et al., 2012 66	NR	Brain tumours	On therapy	No	No	Modafinil	Methylphenidate
Kerr et al., 2012 67	51–90	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	Yes	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Bruera et al., 2013 68	32–83	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	Yes	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Suh et al., 2013 69	NR	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	No	Caffeine	Placebo
Hovey et al., 2014 70	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	Modafinil	Placebo
Spathis et al., 2014 71	NR	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	Yes	Modafinil	Placebo
Berenson et al., 2015 72	43–85	Multiple myeloma	On therapy	No	Yes	Armodafinil	Placebo
Page et al., 2015 73	20–79	Brain tumours	On therapy	No	No	Armodafinil	Placebo
Richard et al., 2015 74	NR	Prostate cancer	On therapy	No	Yes	Methylphenidate	Placebo
Heckler et al., 2016 75	NR	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	No	Armodafinil	Placebo
Jean-Pierre et al., 2016 76	18–90	>1 Type	Both	No	Yes	Modafinil	Placebo
Lee et al., 2016 77	19–79	Brain tumours	On therapy	No	No	Armodafinil	Placebo
Corticosteroids
Inoue et al., 2003 78	28–78	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Dexamethasone	Placebo
Zarger-Shoshtari et al. 2009, 79	34–92	Colorectal cancer	On therapy	No	No	Dexamethasone	Placebo
Yennurajalingam et al., 2013 80	29–89	>1 Type	Both	No	Yes	Dexamethasone	Placebo
Paulsen et al., 2014 81	NR	>1 Type	Both	No	Yes	Methylprednisolone	Placebo
Eguchi et al., 2015 82	46–84	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	No	Methylprednisolone	Placebo
L-Carnitine
Cruciani et al., 2009 83	53.7–84.6	>1 Type	Both	No	Yes	L-Carnitine	Placebo
Mantovani et al., 2010 84	NR	>1 Type	Both	No	No	L-Carnitine	Nutritional supplement
Cruciani et al., 2012 85	NR	>1 Type	Both	No	Yes	L-Carnitine	Placebo
Kraft et al., 2012 86	NR	Pancreatic cancer	Both	No	No	L-Carnitine	Placebo
Hershman et al., 2013 87	26–80	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Acetyl-L-carnitine	Placebo
Iwase et al., 2016 88	22–70	Breast cancer	Both	No	Yes	L-Carnitine	Usual care
Antidepressants
Capuron et al., 2002 89	25–74	Malignant melanoma	On therapy	No	No	Paroxetine	Placebo
Morrow et al., 2003 90	23–87	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	Paroxetine	Placebo
Roscoe et al., 2005 91	31–79	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	Yes	Paroxetine	Placebo
Stockler et al., 2007 92	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Sertraline	Placebo
Heras et al., 2013 93	32–89	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	Paroxetine	Placebo
Appetite stimulant
Simons et al., 1996 94	NR	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	No	Medroxyprogesterone acetate	Placebo
De Conno et al., 1998 95	NR	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	No	Megestrol	Placebo
Westman et al., 1999 96	37–89	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Megestrol acetate	Placebo
American ginseng
Barton et al., 2010 97	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	American ginseng	Placebo
Barton et al., 2013 98	NR	>1 Type	Both	No	Yes	American ginseng	Placebo
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)
Agteresch et al., 2000 99	NR	Lung cancer	Off therapy	No	No	ATP	Usual care
Beijer et al., 2010 100	NR	>1 Type	Both	No	No	ATP	Usual care
Celecoxib
Cerchietti et al., 2007 101	44–90	Lung cancer	Off therapy	No	No	Celecoxib	Placebo and fish oil
Maccio et al., 2012 102	NR	>1 Type	Both	No	No	Celecoxib, megestrol acetate, L-carnitine, and antioxidants	Megestrol acetate
Donepezil
Bruera et al., 2007 103	NR	>1 Type	NR	No	Yes	Donepezil	Placebo
Lawrence et al., 2016 104	39–79	Breast cancer	Both	No	No	Donepezil	Placebo
Traditional Chinese Medicinea
Sun et al., 2010 105	18–80	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Traditional Chinese medicines	Usual care
Kuo et al., 2012 106	NR	Breast cancer	Off therapy	No	No	Tien-Hsien liquid practical	Placebo
Zhao et al., 2012 107	NR	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	Yes	Spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum	Placebo
Xue et al., 2015 108	NR	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	No	Decoctions and patent medicines	Usual care
Others (agents used in only 1 study)
Young et al., 1993 109	20–49	>1 Type	On therapy	HSCT	No	TPN plus glutamine	TPN
Borghardt et al., 2000 110	20–70	Head-and-neck cancer	On therapy	No	Yes	Splenic peptides	Placebo
Martin et al., 2002 111	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Proteolytic enzymes	Placebo
Bruera et al., 2003 112	NR	>1 Type	Off therapy	No	No	Fish oil	Placebo
Diel et al., 2004 113	27–97	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Ibandronate	Placebo
Monk et al., 2006 114	25–83	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Etanercept	Usual care
Semiglazov et al., 2006 115	25–55	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Mistletoe preparation	Placebo
Berk et al., 2008 116	23–91	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	β-Hydroxyl β-methyl butyrate (HMB), glutamine, and arginine	Isonitrogenous,isocaloric
Troger et al., 2009 117	NR	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Iscador M specialb	Usual care
Jeong et al., 2010 118	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes Bojungikki-tang (TJ-41)		Usual care
Tian et al., 2010 119	NR	Lung cancer	Off therapy	No	No	Feiji recipe	Usual care
Anthony et al., 2011 120	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Iron sucrose plus ESA	ESA
Barton et al., 2011 121	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Valerian	Placebo
Dimsdale et al., 2011 122	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	Both	No	Eszopiclone	Placebo
Ikeguchi et al. 2011, 123	NR	Colorectal cancer	On therapy	No	No	Fucoidan	Usual care
Chen et al., 2012 124	NR	>1 Type	Both	No	Yes	Astragalus membranaceus	Placebo
Zhang et al. 2012, 125	NR	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	No	Buckangling	Placebo
Del Fabbro et al., 2013 126	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Testosterone	Placebo
del Giglio et al., 2013 127	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	Paullinia cupana	Placebo
Lesser et al., 2013 128	28–85	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Coenzyme Q10	Placebo
Wen et al., 2013 129	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Thalidomide and megestrol acetate	Megestrol
Hansen et al., 2014 130	46–68	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Melatonin	Placebo
Hui et al., 2014 131	27–75	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Fentanyl	Placebo
Law et al., 2014 132	30–73	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Virgin coconut oil	Usual care
Lee et al., 2014 133	NR	Colorectal cancer	Off therapy	No	No	Probiotic preparation	Placebo
Sanchez-Lara et al., 2014 134	NR	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	No	Eicosapentaenoic	Usual care
Terkawi et al., 2014 135	NR	Breast cancer	On therapy	No	No	Lidocaine	Placebo
Wang et al., 2014 136	NR	Lung cancer	On therapy	No	No	rHuBNP	Usual care
Liu et al., 2015 137	40–74	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Olanzapine	Usual care
Birgegard et al., 2016 138	21–87	>1 Type	On therapy	No	No	Iron isomaltoside	Iron sulphate
Jeon et al., 2016 139	NR	Colon cancer	On therapy	No	No	Vitamin C	Placebo
Mofid et al. 2016, 140	NR	>1 Type	On therapy	No	Yes	Royal jelly and honey	Honey
Faramarzi et al., 2017 141	NR	Rectal cancer	On therapy	No	No	Conjugated linoleic acid	Placebo
Martins et al., 2017 142	NR	Head-and-neck cancer	On therapy	No	No	Guarana	Placebo
Ribeiro et al., 2017 143	NR	Colorectal cancer	Both	No	No	Zinc supplement	Placebo
Sun et al., 2017 144	18–90	Gastric cancer	Off therapy	No	No	Jinlongshe granule	Placebo

^aStudies included differing agents within Traditional Chinese Medicines.

^bIscador Ltd., Lörrach, Germany.

HSCT = hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation; NR = not reported; SC = subcutaneous; rHuEPO = recombinant human erythropoietin; PO = oral; IV = intravenous; CTx = chemotherapy; TPN = total parenteral nutrition; ESA = erythropoiesis stimulating agents; IM = intramuscular; CFU = colony-forming units; rHuBNP = recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide.