Table 1.
Characteristics of Studies
| Author Year | Study Period | Study location | Study Design | Number patients (% cirrhosis) | Number HCC (% early HCC) | Imaging modality | Sensitivity any stage HCC (sensitivity early HCC) | Specificity HCC | Follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oka 1990 * | 1983–1988 | Japan | Prospective | 140 (100%) |
40 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 82.5% (NR) |
NR | Median 36 (2– 72) |
| Pateron 1994 ** | 1986–1990 | France | Prospective | 118 (100%) |
14 (35.7%) |
Ultrasound | 78.6% (21.4%) |
96.2% | Median 36 (4– 48) |
| Solmi 1996 * | 1988–1993 | Italy | Prospective | 360 (70.6%) |
24 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 100% (NR) |
NR | Mean 56 (18 – 72) |
| Tradati 1998 | 1992–1996 | Italy | Prospective | 40 (100%) |
6 (33.3%) |
Ultrasound | 100% (33.3%) |
NR | 48 |
| Giardina 1998 | 1988–1995 | Italy | Prospective | 132 (100%) |
19 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 100% (NR) |
NR | Mean 64 (6 – 86) |
| Larcos 1998 * | Not reported | Australia | Retrospective | 232 (>50%) |
6 (33.3%) |
Ultrasound | 100% (33.3%) |
91.6% | 96 |
| Izzo 1998 * | 1993–1996 | Italy | Prospective | 325 (>50%) |
67 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 86.6% (NR) |
NR | NR |
| Chalassani 1999 | 1994–1997 | United States | Retrospective | 285 (100%) |
27 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 59.3% (NR) |
92.8% | Median 15 (6 – 42) |
| Shimauchi 2000 * | 1990–1995 | Japan | Retrospective | 78 (100%) |
21 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 76.2% (NR) |
NR | Mean 42 ± 1.6 |
| Henrion 2000 ** | 1995–1998 | France | Prospective | 141 (100%) |
6 (100%) |
Ultrasound | 66.7% (66.7%) |
NR | Median 34 (3 – 42) |
| Tong 2001 | 1991–1999 | United States | Prospective | 173 (100%) |
31 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 100% (NR) |
NR | Mean 35 (12 – 103) |
| Bolondi 2001 | 1989–1998 | Italy | Prospective | 313 (100%) |
61 (82.0%) |
Ultrasound | 100% (82.0%) |
94.8% | Mean 56 (6 – 100) |
| Caturelli 2002 | 1992–1997 | Italy | Prospective | 1599 (>50%) |
269 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 100% (NR) |
98.6% | 84 |
| Chen 2002 | 1991–1998 | Taiwan | Prospective | 292 (100%) |
49 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 61.2% (NR) |
NR | Mean 84 |
| Santagostino 2003 | 1996–2001 | Italy | Prospective | 66 (100%) |
8 (25.0%) |
Ultrasound | 100% (25%) |
NR | 72 |
| Sangiovanni 2004 | 1987–2001 | Italy | Prospective | 417 (100%) |
112 (24.1%) |
Ultrasound | 100% (24.1%) |
NR | Mean 148 (1 – 213) |
| Van Thiel 2004 * | 1998–2003 | United States | Retrospective | 100 (100%) |
20 (NR) |
CT | 60% (NR) |
100% | Mean 96 |
| Ultrasound | 70% (NR) |
93.8% | |||||||
| Mok 2005 * | 1997–2004 | Hong Kong | Prospective | 940 (100%) |
32 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 34.4% (NR) |
98.6% | Median 49 |
| Shah 2006 | 2001–2004 | United States | Prospective | 310 (100%) |
22 (NR) |
MRI | 77.3% (NR) |
82.6% | Mean 22 |
| Paul 2007 | 2001–2004 | India | Prospective | 194 (100%) |
9 (44.4%) |
Ultrasound | 100% (44.4%) |
NR | Median 26 (0 – 181) |
| Sato 2009 * | 1994–2004 | Japan | Retrospective | 1431 (>50%) |
243 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 90.9% (NR) |
NR | Mean 73 |
| Luo 2010 * | Not reported | China | Prospective | 93 (100%) |
16 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 75% (NR) |
NR | NR |
| Qian 2010 ** | 1998–2004 | Australia | Retrospective | 268 (91.4%) |
22 (81.8%) |
Ultrasound | 81.8% (68.2%) |
70.7% | Mean 36 |
| Lok 2010 ** | United States | Prospective | 116 (56.9%) |
39 (61.5%) |
Ultrasound | 56.4% (35.9%) |
NR | 46 | |
| Trinchet 2011 ** | 2000–2009 | France | Prospective | 1278 (100%) |
123 (74.8%) |
Ultrasound | 88.6% (65.0%) |
89.7% | Mean 47 |
| Singal 2012 ** | 2004–2006 | United States | Prospective | 442 (100%) |
41 (73.2%) |
Ultrasound | 43.9% (31.7%) |
91.5% | Median 42 (7 – 79) |
| Pocha 2013 | 2002–2011 | United States | Prospective | 163 (100%) |
17 (58.8%) |
CT | 77.8% (62.5%) |
95.9% | Mean 31 |
| Ultrasound | 88.9% (55.5%) |
87.5% | |||||||
| Mancebo 2013 * | 1992–2010 | Spain | Prospective | 450 (100%) |
62 (66.1%) |
Ultrasound | 88.7% (NR) |
NR | Median 42 |
| Frey 2015 | 2011–2012 | Switzerland | Retrospective | 285 (87.0%) |
9 (88.9%) |
Ultrasound | 100% (88.9%) |
87.3% | 24 |
| Pinero 2015 | 2005–2011 | Argentina | Retrospective | 572 (100%) |
56 (NR) |
Ultrasound | 33.9% (NR) |
99.6% | Median 3 (1– 7) |
| Chang 2015 * | 2002–2010 | Taiwan | Retrospective | 1597 (100%) |
363 (58.7%) |
Ultrasound | 92.0% (NR) |
74.1% | Median 57 (17 – 144) |
| Kim 2016 ** | 2011–2014 | Korea | Prospective | 407 (100%) | 43 (97.7%) | MRI | 86.0% (83.7%) | 94.2% | 18 |
| Ultrasound | 27.9% (25.6%) | 90.1% |
HCC – hepatocellular carcinoma
NR – not reported
*
Comparative studies of ultrasound vs. ultrasound + AFP for any stage HCC detection
**
Comparative studies of ultrasound vs. ultrasound + AFP for early stage HCC detection