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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2017 Dec 2;19(5):455–474. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.11.005

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Indication (n=44) Pain Type Control Group Primary Outcome Measure Time Point
Chronic headache (n=9) Migraine (n=3)26, 59, 63, tension-type headache (n=3)23, 28, 71, both31, 43, 95 (n=3) Sham control (n=5)26, 28, 59, 63, 71
No acupuncture control (n=7); ancillary care (n=2)23, 31; usual care (n=4)43, 63, 71, 95; guideline care (n=1)26 		Severity score (n=2)23, 95; days with headache (n=3)28, 43, 71; days with migraine (n=2)26, 59; days with moderate-to-severe pain (n=1)63; Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) (n=1)31 1 mo (n=1)23
2 mo (n=1)31
3 mo (n=3)43, 63, 71
4 mo (n=1)59
6 mo (n=2)26, 28
12 mo (n=1)95
Nonspecific musculoskeletal pain (back and neck) (n=18) Back (n=12)11, 13, 18, 19, 36, 40, 48, 49, 74, 87, 102, 111; neck (n=6)41, 67, 79, 91, 104, 109 Sham control (n=10)11, 13, 19, 36, 41, 48, 49, 74, 91, 104;
No acupuncture control (n=12); Ancillary care (n=3)40, 74, 102; usual care (n=7)11, 19, 67, 79, 87, 109, 111; non-specific advice (n=1)18; guideline care (n=1)36 		VAS (n=7)11, 13, 41, 49, 74, 91, 104; Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (n=3)18, 19, 48; Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (n=2)67, 79; SF-36 Bodily pain (n=2)87, 102; Hannover Functional Questionnaire (n=1)111; Von Korff pain score (n=1)36; Oswestry Disability Index (n=1)40 1 mo (n=4)41, 49, 91, 104
2 mo (n=3)11, 18, 19
3 mo (n=5)48, 74, 79, 109, 111
4 mo (n=1)102
6 mo (n=2)36, 40
8 mo (n=1)13
12 mo (n=1)67
24 mo (n=1)87
Osteoarthritis (n=13) Sham control (n=10)8, 16, 33, 39, 70, 80, 85, 89, 103, 108
No acupuncture control (n=10); ancillary care (n=3)33, 70, 80; usual care (n=5)39, 56, 85, 108, 110; nonspecific advice (n=2)8, 107 		WOMAC (n=5)16, 56, 70, 108, 110; WOMAC Pain subscore (n=4)8, 33, 80, 89; Oxford Knee score questionnaire (n=1)107; VAS103 (n=1); knee pain (0–10) (n=1)39; Joint-specific Multidimensional Assessment of Pain (n=1)85 1 mo (n=1)103
2 mo (n=3)70, 107, 108
3 mo (n=6)16, 39, 56, 85, 89, 110
6 mo (n=3)8, 33, 80
Shoulder pain (n=4) Sham control (n=4)35, 52, 75, 90
No-acupuncture control (n=1); ancillary care (n=1)75 		Constant-Murley score (n=2)52, 90; VAS (n=2)35, 75 1 mo (n=2)52, 90
6 mo (n=2)35, 75