Table IV.
Couple-level factors associated with female HIV infection
| Case Couples (N=96) | Control Couples (N=49) | P-value | Unadjusted a | Adjusted b | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | Fisher’s exact test | OR | (95% CI) | p-value | OR | (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Demographic factors | |||||||||||
| Age Difference (male minus female) | |||||||||||
| < 10 years | 71 | (74.0%) | 45 | (91.8%) | 1. | 1. | |||||
| ≥ 10 years | 25 | (26.0%) | 4 | (8.2%) | 0.01 | 4.3 | (1.4, 13.3) | 0.01 | 9.4 | (1.8, 49.9) | 0.008 |
| Relationship duration~ | |||||||||||
| ≤ 2 years | 36 | (37.5%) | 8 | (16.3%) | 1. | ||||||
| 3–5 years | 34 | (35.4%) | 15 | (30.6%) | 0.4 | (0.1, 1.2) | 0.09 | ||||
| ≥ 5 years | 26 | (27.1%) | 26 | (53.1%) | 0.004 | 0.1 | (0.04, 0.4) | 0.0003 | |||
| Socioeconomic factors | |||||||||||
| Difference in educational achievement | |||||||||||
| Male Higher achievement | 44 | (45.8%) | 30 | (61.2%) | 1. | 1. | |||||
| Male Equal achievement | 28 | (29.2%) | 16 | (32.7%) | 1.2 | (0.5, 2.6) | 0.7 | 1.3 | (0.4, 3.9) | 0.7 | |
| Male Lower achievement | 24 | (25.0%) | 3 | (6.1%) | 0.01 | 5.8 | (1.6, 21.8) | 0.009 | 6.9 | (1.3, 36.0) | 0.02 |
| Behavioral Factors | |||||||||||
| Lifetime sexual partnerships | |||||||||||
| Neither has ≥ 3 lifetime partners | 3 | (3.1%) | 15 | (30.6%) | 1. | 1. | |||||
| At least one has ≥ 3 lifetime partners | 93 | (96.9%) | 34 | (69.4%) | < 0.0001 | 16.3 | (4.2, 62.6) | < 0.0001 | 18.0 | (3.1, 103.6) | 0.001 |
| Lifetime marriages | |||||||||||
| Neither has ≥ 2 lifetime marriages | 31 | (32.3%) | 35 | (71.4%) | 1. | 1. | |||||
| At least one has ≥ 2 lifetime marriages | 65 | (67.7%) | 14 | (28.6%) | < 0.0001 | 6.7 | (2.9, 15.3) | < 0.0001 | 9.0 | (2.6, 30.9) | 0.0005 |
| HIV Care-seeking | |||||||||||
| HIV testing c | |||||||||||
| Neither tested in the past year | 57 | (65.5%) | 24 | (50.0%) | 1. | ||||||
| One tested in the past year | 27 | (31.0%) | 18 | (37.5%) | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.4) | 0.2 | ||||
| Both tested in the past year | 3 | (3.5%) | 6 | (12.5%) | 0.07 | 0.2 | (0.04, 0.8) | 0.03 | |||
| Missing | 9 | 1 | |||||||||
| Couple HIV testing and counseling | |||||||||||
| Neither reports CHTC | 75 | (79.0%) | 28 | (57.1%) | 1. | 1. | |||||
| At least one reports CHTC | 20 | (21.0%) | 21 | (42.9%) | 0.01 | 0.3 | (0.2, 0.7) | 0.1 | (0.04, 0.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Male HIV Status | |||||||||||
| Negative | 23 | (24.7%) | 46 | (95.8%) | 1. | ||||||
| Positive | 70 | (75.3%) | 2 | (4.2%) | < 0.0001 | 90.3 | (18.1, 451.4) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Unknown | 3 | 1 | |||||||||
a
Adjusted for female age category and recruitment site
b
Adjusted for female age category, recruitment site, and all covariates with p <= 0.1, except Male HIV Status
c
Considered for final adjustment set but not included in final model (p > 0.15)