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. 2018 Apr 30;8:6744. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25229-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Fuzzy logic controller of tissue differentiation within the callus region. The controller has six input variables and three output variables. The fuzzification module transforms numerical values to associated linguistic values and the defuzzigication module transforms linguistic values to associated numerical values. (b) Membership function of biophysical stimulus. (c) Membership functions of perfusion, perfusion in an adjacent element, cartilage concentration, bone concentration and bone concentration in an adjacent element. (d) Membership function of change in perfusion. (e) Membership function of change in cartilage concentration. (f) Membership function of change in bone concentration. Among these membership functions, (b) and (c) represent the membership function of input variables. (d), (e) and (f) represent the membership function of output variables.