Table 6.
The logistic regression analysis for the association between ED and osteocalcin in various groups.
| No. | Osteocalcin, ng/ml | Unadjusted | Age-adjusted | Multi-adjusted | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ED | non-ED | ED | non-ED | OR/95%CI | P | OR/95%CI | P | OR/95%CI | P | ||
| Age < 40 | |||||||||||
| testosterone | Q1 | 98 | 168 | 24.27 ± 7.41 | 23.18 ± 7.17 | 1.746/0.731–4.168 | 0.209 | 1.835/0.735–4.580 | 0.193 | 1.836/0.716–4.711 | 0.206 |
| Q2 | 114 | 160 | 24.23 ± 7.52 | 25.36 ± 8.21 | 0.627/0.276–1.428 | 0.266 | 0.985/0.402–2.417 | 0.974 | 1.044/0.415–2.628 | 0.927 | |
| Q3 | 108 | 163 | 26.73 ± 8.88 | 27.24 ± 9.29 | 0.794/0.362–1.742 | 0.565 | 0.808/0.343–1.901 | 0.625 | 0.788/0.319–1.948 | 0.606 | |
| Q4 | 124 | 144 | 29.19 ± 9.04 | 29.42 ± 9.60 | 0.989/0.451–2.168 | 0.978 | 0.878/0.383–2.014 | 0.759 | 0.917/0.391–2.153 | 0.843 | |
| BMI | <24 | 272 | 403 | 28.13 ± 9.12 | 27.39 ± 9.26 | 1.351/0.830–2.199 | 0.226 | 1.531/0.896–2.616 | 0.119 | 1.477/0.850–2.568 | 0.166 |
| <28, ≥24 | 146 | 173 | 23.19 ± 6.59 | 24.65 ± 8.14 | 0.508/0.229–1.126 | 0.095 | 0.500/0.219–1.143 | 0.100 | 0.488/0.212–1.125 | 0.092 | |
| ≥28 | 26 | 59 | 23.44 ± 5.43 | 22.53 ± 6.14 | 2.122/0.346–13.015 | 0.416 | 2.526/0.394–16.202 | 0.328 | 1.489/0.200–11.079 | 0.697 | |
| WHR | ≤0.9 | 312 | 448 | 27.53 ± 9.02 | 27.54 ± 9.33 | 1.012/0.638–1.605 | 0.961 | 1.164/0.708–1.912 | 0.550 | 1.194/0.716–1.990 | 0.498 |
| >0.9 | 132 | 187 | 23.17 ± 6.20 | 22.95 ± 6.62 | 1.213/0.532–2.764 | 0.647 | 1.138/0.484–2.676 | 0.768 | 1.002/0.420–2.389 | 0.997 | |
| Smoking | No | 191 | 277 | 26.51 ± 8.17 | 27.10 ± 9.69 | 0.901/0.501–1.620 | 0.727 | 0.896/0.465–1.729 | 0.744 | 0.970/0.494–1.903 | 0.929 |
| Yes | 253 | 358 | 26.02 ± 8.78 | 25.48 ± 8.11 | 1.189/0.703–2.012 | 0.518 | 1.341/0.768–2.341 | 0.302 | 1.158/0.646–2.073 | 0.623 | |
| Drinking | No | 55 | 68 | 26.53 ± 6.87 | 26.97 ± 11.12 | 1.238/0.402–3.809 | 0.710 | 1.351/0.404–4.513 | 0.625 | 0.946/0.247–3.627 | 0.936 |
| Yes | 389 | 567 | 26.19 ± 8.73 | 26.10 ± 8.56 | 1.020/0.672–1.547 | 0.926 | 1.108/0.705–1.740 | 0.658 | 1.079/0.677–1.719 | 0.748 | |
| MetS | No | 410 | 575 | 26.57 ± 8.65 | 26.59 ± 8.72 | 1.003/0.664–1.513 | 0.990 | 1.103/0.705–1.725 | 0.667 | 1.126/0.710–1.786 | 0.613 |
| Yes | 34 | 60 | 22.10 ± 5.31 | 22.38 ± 9.37 | 1.176/0.281–4.927 | 0.825 | 1.197/0.281–5.096 | 0.808 | 0.983/0.217–4.463 | 0.982 | |
| Age 40–49 | |||||||||||
| testosterone | Q1 | 44 | 41 | 21.16 ± 7.18 | 21.66 ± 6.75 | 0.787/0.204–3.031 | 0.727 | 0.778/0.201–3.007 | 0.716 | 0.955/0.224–4.077 | 0.951 |
| Q2 | 39 | 47 | 22.02 ± 5.26 | 23.61 ± 6.87 | 0.453/0.091–2.258 | 0.334 | 0.443/0.087–2.245 | 0.325 | 0.404/0.073–2.244 | 0.300 | |
| Q3 | 60 | 26 | 21.43 ± 5.76 | 25.24 ± 6.22 | 0.077/0.011–0.546 | 0.010 | 0.079/0.011–0.578 | 0.012 | 0.068/0.008–0.555 | 0.012 | |
| Q4 | 46 | 40 | 21.81 ± 4.46 | 25.14 ± 10.40 | 0.259/0.050–1.340 | 0.107 | 0.251/0.049–1.294 | 0.098 | 0.184/0.034–0.985 | 0.048 | |
| BMI | <24 | 102 | 82 | 22.02 ± 5.79 | 25.34 ± 8.70 | 0.221/0.075–0.650 | 0.006 | 0.232/0.079–0.684 | 0.008 | 0.199/0.064–0.614 | 0.005 |
| <28, ≥24 | 67 | 58 | 21.19 ± 5.97 | 22.24 ± 6.41 | 0.491/0.130–1.858 | 0.294 | 0.490/0.129–1.857 | 0.294 | 0.564/0.145–2.194 | 0.409 | |
| ≥28 | 20 | 14 | 20.63 ± 4.31 | 20.81 ± 6.60 | 1.449/0.134–15.630 | 0.760 | 1.545/0.137–17.420 | 0.725 | 1.669/0.141–19.744 | 0.684 | |
| WHR | ≤0.9 | 93 | 80 | 22.00 ± 5.61 | 25.20 ± 6.71 | 0.141/0.042–0.479 | 0.002 | 0.148/0.043–0.506 | 0.002 | 0.122/0.034–0.438 | 0.001 |
| >0.9 | 96 | 74 | 21.17 ± 5.81 | 22.21 ± 8.75 | 0.756/0.272–2.096 | 0.590 | 0.746/0.269–2.071 | 0.574 | 0.890/0.312–2.544 | 0.828 | |
| Smoking | No | 79 | 70 | 21.85 ± 5.76 | 24.06 ± 7.07 | 0.315/0.094–1.051 | 0.060 | 0.339/0.101–1.145 | 0.082 | 0.290/0.083–1.017 | 0.053 |
| Yes | 110 | 84 | 21.39 ± 5.70 | 23.52 ± 8.53 | 0.408/0.149–1.115 | 0.080 | 0.398/0.145–1.087 | 0.072 | 0.424/0.153–1.177 | 0.100 | |
| Drinking | No | 27 | 21 | 20.55 ± 4.33 | 23.87 ± 7.19 | 0.134/0.012–1.504 | 0.103 | 0.096/0.007–1.251 | 0.074 | 0.125/0.009–1.685 | 0.117 |
| Yes | 162 | 133 | 21.75 ± 5.91 | 23.75 ± 8.01 | 0.411/0.182–0.930 | 0.033 | 0.420/0.186–0.951 | 0.037 | 0.405/0.177–0.931 | 0.033 | |
| MetS | No | 157 | 127 | 22.07 ± 5.66 | 24.02 ± 7.01 | 0.387/0.162–0.925 | 0.033 | 0.394/0.164–0.943 | 0.036 | 0.400/0.164–0.975 | 0.044 |
| Yes | 32 | 27 | 19.17 ± 5.47 | 22.56 ± 11.19 | 0.220/0.033–1.471 | 0.118 | 0.220/0.033–1.486 | 0.120 | 0.203/0.027–1.551 | 0.124 | |
| Age ≥ 50 | |||||||||||
| testosterone | Q1 | 28 | 9 | 19.33 ± 7.13 | 19.68 ± 4.40 | 0.569/0.058–5.597 | 0.629 | 0.549/0.056–5.354 | 0.606 | 0.539/0.057–5.053 | 0.588 |
| Q2 | 30 | 5 | 21.45 ± 5.89 | 22.74 ± 3.62 | 0.256/0.005–12.138 | 0.489 | 0.418/0.006–27.641 | 0.684 | 0.148/0.001–22.152 | 0.455 | |
| Q3 | 25 | 12 | 25.50 ± 13.52 | 23.07 ± 5.02 | 1.391/0.169–11.484 | 0.759 | 1.396/0.166–11.774 | 0.759 | 0.996/0.057–17.420 | 0.998 | |
| Q4 | 30 | 6 | 21.29 ± 5.66 | 21.66 ± 5.00 | 0.648/0.017–24.019 | 0.814 | 0.789/0.017–36.854 | 0.904 | 1.174/0.013–108.554 | 0.945 | |
| BMI | <24 | 62 | 15 | 22.22 ± 6.60 | 22.64 ± 5.61 | 0.667/0.090–4.964 | 0.692 | 0.737/0.092–5.915 | 0.774 | 0.961/0.097–9.548 | 0.973 |
| <28, ≥24 | 36 | 13 | 21.58 ± 11.76 | 22.39 ± 2.87 | 0.368/0.052–2.598 | 0.316 | 0.363/0.050–2.634 | 0.316 | 0.304/0.042–2.191 | 0.237 | |
| ≥28 | 15 | 4 | 20.42 ± 6.95 | 16.73 ± 2.26 | 20.079/0.051–7888.492 | 0.325 | 13.892/0.033–5856.222 | 0.394 | NA /NA | NA | |
| WHR | ≤0.9 | 49 | 12 | 22.06 ± 6.53 | 22.43 ± 4.78 | 0.629/0.064–6.237 | 0.692 | 0.643/0.061–6.761 | 0.713 | 0.956/0.056–16.282 | 0.975 |
| >0.9 | 64 | 20 | 21.56 ± 9.89 | 21.42 ± 4.67 | 0.676/0.146–3.133 | 0.617 | 0.704/0.149–3.322 | 0.657 | 0.584/0.102–3.360 | 0.547 | |
| Smoking | No | 66 | 19 | 22.01 ± 9.62 | 21.29 ± 4.51 | 0.918/0.167–5.027 | 0.921 | 0.896/0.162–4.948 | 0.899 | 0.891/0.152–5.206 | 0.898 |
| Yes | 47 | 13 | 21.45 ± 6.90 | 22.55 ± 4.95 | 0.440/0.055–3.494 | 0.438 | 0.434/0.049–3.810 | 0.451 | 0.232/0.017–3.186 | 0.274 | |
| Drinking | No | 28 | 6 | 24.71 ± 13.30 | 20.25 ± 4.91 | 3.924/0.163–94.649 | 0.400 | 5.666/0.126–254.731 | 0.372 | 4.168/0.080–216.801 | 0.479 |
| Yes | 85 | 26 | 20.81 ± 6.10 | 22.16 ± 4.63 | 0.326/0.062–1.704 | 0.184 | 0.330/0.062–1.758 | 0.194 | 0.342/0.063–1.860 | 0.215 | |
| MetS | No | 88 | 26 | 21.97 ± 8.94 | 21.91 ± 4.78 | 0.706/0.171–2.908 | 0.630 | 0.730/0.174–3.065 | 0.667 | 0.743/0.159–3.483 | 0.707 |
| Yes | 25 | 6 | 21.11 ± 7.20 | 21.30 ± 4.48 | 0.614/0.032–11.748 | 0.746 | 0.635/0.030–13.423 | 0.771 | 0.626/0.019–20.596 | 0.793 | |
*Testosterone levels are divided into quartile (Q1 < levels of 25%, 25% ≤Q2 ≤ 50%, 50% <Q3 ≤75%, Q4 > 75%) in different ages.
*BMI is categorized into three groups (normal weight <24.0 kg/m2, overweight 24.0–27.9 kg/m2, obese 28.0 kg/m2). Meanwhile, the waist-hip ratio (WHR) is categorized as normal weight (WHR ≤ 0.9) and obese (WHR > 0.9).
*Smoking, drinking and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are considered as dichotomous variable (Yes/No).
*ED is considered as dichotomous variable (ED/without ED). Then, binary logistic regression analyses are conducted for every subgroup, in which ED is treated as the dependent factor. And the level of osteocalcin is treated as covariate.
*The level of osteocalcin (ng/ml) is presented as mean ± SD in the ED and non-ED groups.
*ED: erectile dysfunction; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist hip rate; OR: odd ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; MetS: metabolic syndrome.
*Multi-adjusted: age, BMI, WHR, smoking and drink.