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. 2018 Apr 24;10:93. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00093

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Copyright © 2018 Nusrat, Livingston-Thomas, Raguthevan, Adams, Vonderwalde, Corbett and Morshead.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced cognitive model of stroke in mice. (A) Sagittal representation of the lesioned areas of the brain (circled). FA2, frontal area 2; AC, anterior cingulate cortex; PR, prelimbic; IL, infralimbic; cresyl violet stained coronal sections depicting typical medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) lesion on day 4 post-stroke. (B) Significant cognitive impairments following stroke were detected using the Puzzle Box (PB) task at day 4–6 compared to control (n = 18 stroke; 16 control). (C) Following stroke, a significant cognitive deficit was detected up to 45 days, using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) reversal test (n = 12 stroke; 10 control). (D) Post-stroke functional scores in the adhesive removal test. Unilateral sensory-motor (n = 3), but not bilateral mPFC (n = 7) stroke, resulted in contralesional (left) forepaw deficits compared to baseline performance. *p < 0.05.