Table 4.
Adjusted associations of hypertension prevalence with 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion per one-unit increase.
| Sodium/potassium excretion | No. | Crude model | Adjusted model2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value | ||
| Per 1-g increase of sodium excretion | 41,475 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.06) | <0.01 | 1.07 (1.05, 1.08) | <0.01 |
| Sodium <5 g/day | 15,658 | 0.87 (0.83, 0.91) | <0.01 | 0.87 (0.83, 0.92) | <0.01 |
| Sodium 5–6 g/day | 10,002 | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 0.08 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) | 0.26 |
| Sodium >6 g/day | 15,815 | 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) | <0.01 | 1.11 (1.08, 1.15) | <0.01 |
| Per 1-g increase of potassium excretion | 41,475 | 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) | <0.01 | 0.81 (0.78, 0.85) | <0.01 |
| Potassium <1.8 g/day | 11,742 | 1.41 (1.15, 1.73) | <0.01 | 0.99 (0.78, 1.24) | 0.89 |
| Potassium 1.8–2.2 g/day | 13,925 | 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.66 (0.48, 0.91) | 0.01 |
| Potassium >2.2 g/day | 15,808 | 0.84 (0.76, 0.93) | <0.01 | 0.81 (0.72, 0.91) | <0.01 |
| Per one unit increase of ratio3 | 41,475 | 1.15 (1.12, 1.18) | <0.01 | 1.27 (1.24, 1.31) | <0.01 |
| Ratio <2.3 | 12,144 | 0.86 (0.76, 0.98) | 0.02 | 0.96 (0.83, 1.10) | 0.53 |
| Ratio 2.3-3.0 | 15,553 | 1.29 (1.10, 1.52) | <0.01 | 1.36 (1.14, 1.62) | <0.01 |
| Ratio >3.0 | 13,778 | 1.24 (1.16, 1.32) | <0.01 | 1.35 (1.26, 1.45) | <0.01 |
1Self-reported hypertension or had blood pressure medication or blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg; CI, confidence interval;
2Adjusted for gender, age, education level, geographic region, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol intake;
3Ratio means 24-hour urinary sodium excretion divided by 24-hour urinary potassium.