Fig. 3.

RNS60 upregulates the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in MN9D mouse neuronal cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of RNS60 for 5 h followed by monitoring the mRNA expression of Nrf1, Tfam, Mcu, Tomm20, Tfeb, and Lamp2 by RT-PCR (a) and real-time PCR (b, Nrf1; c, Tfam; d, Mcu; e, Tomm20; f, Tfeb; g, Lamp2). Results are mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. ^a p < 0.001 versus control. Cells were treated with 10% v/v RNS60, NS, RNS10.3, and PNS60 for 5 h followed by monitoring the mRNA expression of Nrf1, Tfam, Tfeb, and Lamp2 by RT-PCR (h) and real-time PCR (i, Nrf1; j, Pgc1a; k, Tfam; l, Tfeb). Results are mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. ^a p < 0.001 versus control