Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects by uNAG excretion level.
| Total (N = 204) | uNAG ≥ 5.80 U/g creatinine N = 99 (48.5%) | uNAG < 5.80 U/g creatinine N = 105 (51.5%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, year | 43.9 ± 14.9 | 48.9 ± 14.7 | 39.3 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 100 (49.0) | 42 (42.4) | 58 (55.2) | 0.067 |
| Diabetes duration, year | 11.7 ± 8.8 | 13.0 ± 9.8 | 10.5 ± 7.7 | 0.049 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 23.1 ± 2.9 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 0.422 |
| SBP, mmHg | 121.3 ± 17.4 | 120.6 ± 17.0 | 122.0 ± 16.1 | 0.654 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.8 ± 1.7 | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 14.0 ± 1.6 | 0.104 |
| Glucometabolic parameters | ||||
| FPG, mg/dL | 162.8 ± 69.2 | 171.5 ± 73.7 | 154.5 ± 64.0 | 0.080 |
| Glycoalbumin, % | 23.4 ± 6.5 | 25.5 ± 7.2 | 21.4 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 |
| A1c, % (mmol/mol) | 7.7 (61) ± 1.4 | 8.3 (67) ± 1.5 | 7.2 (55) ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting C-peptide, ng/mL | 0.13 [0.02–0.54] | 0.09 [0.02–0.48] | 0.20 [0.04–0.66] | 0.036 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 170.9 ± 32.9 | 173.0 ± 38.0 | 168.8 ± 27.3 | 0.365 |
| DN markers | ||||
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 101.4 ± 18.0 | 97.7 ± 19.1 | 104.9 ± 16.2 | 0.004 |
| uACR, mg/g | 8.8 [5.5–16.2] | 13.0 [8.0–26.4] | 6.1 [4.1–10.1] | <0.001 |
| uNAG, U/g creatinine | 5.6 [3.2–9.9] | 10.3 [7.7–16.8] | 3.3 [2.2–4.6] | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or as numbers (%). Bold characters represent statistically significant values. Abbreviations: A1c, hemoglobin A1c; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; DN, diabetic nephropathy; uNAG, urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase to creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; uACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.