Table 3.

Determinants of uNAG excretion level in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	st β*	P	st β	P	st β	P	st β	P
Age	0.331	<0.001	0.302	<0.001	0.312	<0.001	0.309	<0.001
Women vs. men	0.191	0.006	0.126	0.050	0.133	0.029	0.141	0.021
Diabetes duration	−0.018	0.800	−0.066	0.322	−0.053	0.397	−0.038	0.548
BMI	−0.001	0.990	0.013	0.834	0.039	0.511	−0.001	0.975
Log-uACR			0.369	<0.001	0.306	< 0.001	0.288	<0.001
Glycoalbumin					0.282	<0.001
A1c							0.285	< 0.001

^*Standardized beta coefficient was calculated to compare the relative contribution of each variable in determining the uNAG excretion level. Covariates included in each model are as follows: Model 1: age, sex, duration of diabetes, BMI; model 2: model 1 + log-uACR; model 3: model 2 + glycoalbumin; model 4: model 2 + hemoglobin A1c. Bold characters represent statistically significant values. uNAG and uACR were log-transformed for linear regression models. Abbreviations: A1c, hemoglobin A1c; uNAG, urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; BMI, body mass index; uACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.