Table 1.

Effects of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator modulation during a Delayed Response task on cell type-specific firing in the dlPFC and behavioral performance.

Receptor	Drug	Effect on cue cell firing rate	Effect on preferred direction Delay Cell firing rate	Effect on anti-preferred direction Delay Cell firing rate	Effect on Response Cell firing rate	Effect on Fixation Cell firing rate	Effects on Delayed Response performance	Citation(s)
Glutamate GluN2A subunit	Antagonist	?		?	?	?	?	Wang et al., 2013
Glutamate GluN2B subunit	Antagonist					?	?	Wang et al., 2013
Glutamate NMDAR	Antagonist	?	Local: Systemic:	?		?	Impaired	Wang et al., 2013
Glutamate NMDAR	Agonist	?		?	?	?	?	Wang et al., 2013
Glutamate AMPAR	Antagonist		Only in latter half of delay period	No effect	Perisaccadic: no effect; Postsaccadic:	?	?	Wang et al., 2013
Acetylcholine muscarinic receptor	Antagonist	?	?	?	?	?	Impaired	Bartus and Johnson, 1976
Acetylcholine nicotinic receptor	Antagonist					?	?	Yang et al., 2013
Acetylcholine α4β2R	Antagonist	?		No effect	?	?	?	Sun et al., 2017
“	Agonist	No effect		No effect	No effect		?	Sun et al., 2017
Acetylcholine α7R	Antagonist	No effect		No effect	?	?	?	Yang et al., 2013
“	Agonist	?	Low dose: High dose:	Low dose: No effect High dose:	?	?	Low dose: enhanced High dose: impaired	Yang et al., 2013
Dopamine D1R	Antagonist	No effect	Low dose: High dose:	Low dose: No effect High dose:	No effect	?	Impaired	Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; Arnsten et al., 1994; Williams and Goldman-Rakic, 1995
“	Agonist	?	Low dose: No effect High dose:	Low dose: High dose:	?	?	Enhanced	Arnsten et al., 1994; Vijayraghavan et al., 2007
Dopamine D2R	Antagonist	No effect	No effect	No effect	only for preferred direction	?	?	Wang et al., 2004
“	Agonist	No effect	No effect	No effect	only for preferred direction	?	Low dose: impaired High dose: enhanced	Arnsten et al., 1995; Wang et al., 2004
Norepinephrine α1-AR	Antagonist	?	?	?	?	?	No effect	Li and Mei, 1994
“	Agonist	?		?	?	?	Impaired	Arnsten and Jentsch, 1997; Mao et al., 1999; Birnbaum et al., 2004
Norepinephrine α2-AR	Antagonist	?		?	?	?	Impaired	Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985; Li and Mei, 1994; Li et al., 1999; Mao et al., 1999
“	Agonist	?		?	?	?	Low dose: no effect High dose: enhanced	Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985; Cai et al., 1993; Franowicz and Arnsten, 1999; Li et al., 1999; Mao et al., 1999
Norepinephrine general β-AR	Antagonist	?	?	?	?	?	No effect	Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985; Li and Mei, 1994
Norepinephrine β1-AR	Antagonist	?	?	?	?	?	Enhanced	Ramos et al., 2005
Norepinephrine β2-AR	Agonist	?	?	?	?	?	Enhanced	Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985
Serotonin 5-HT2AR	Antagonist	?		?	?	?	?	Williams et al., 2002
“	Agonist	?			?	?	?	Williams et al., 2002
Serotonergic receptor	Agonist	?	Low dose: High dose:	Low dose: High dose:	?	?	?	Williams et al., 2002