Table 2.
Eligibility and quality yield, pregnancy, smoking, and demographic information by total and individual recruitment platforms, 2017.
| Platform characteristics | Total (n=3847) | mTurk (n=2291) | Soapbox (n=585) | Qualtrics (n=686) | Reddit (n=285) | P value | |
| Proportion eligiblea, n (%) | 535 (13.91) | 30 (1.31) | 121 (20.7) | 178 (25.9) | 206 (72.3) | <.001 | |
| Proportion of eligible deemed qualitya, n (%) | 145 (47.1) | 9 (100) | 72 (67.3) | 12 (86) | 52 (29.2) | <.001 | |
| Ageb in years, mean (SD) | 28 (6.3) | 33 (4.4) | 30 (6.3) | 29 (7.5) | 24 (4.1) | <.001 | |
| Gestational ageb in weeks, mean (SD) | 20 (12.4) | 11 (13.8) | 20 (13.0) | 22 (9.4) | 20 (11.6) | .21 | |
| Number of previous pregnanciesb, mean (SD) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.7) | <.001 | |
| Initial age of smokingc, median (years) | 18 (3.2) | 17 (3.5) | 17 (3.5) | 17 (2.7) | 19 (2.5) | .001 | |
| Current smokersa, n (%) | 103 (71.0) | 6 (67) | 50 (69) | 1 (8) | 46 (89) | <.001 | |
| Raced , n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White | 82 (56.6) | 8 (89) | 53 (74) | 6 (50) | 15 (29) | <.001 |
|
|
Black | 28 (19.3) | 0 (0) | 11 (15) | 3 (25) | 14 (27) |
|
|
|
Asian | 10 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | 1 (8) | 5 (10) |
|
|
|
Native American | 8 (5.5) | 1 (11) | 1 (1) | 2 (17) | 4 (8) |
|
|
|
Native Hawaiian | 6 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 4 (8) |
|
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 11 (7.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 10 (19) |
|
| Hispanicd , n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic | 119 (82.1) | 8 (89) | 60 (83) | 10 (83) | 41 (79) | .008 |
|
|
Hispanic | 18 (12.4) | 1 (11) | 12 (17) | 1 (17) | 3 (6) |
|
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 8 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (15) |
|
| Educationa , n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<High school | 4 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | .004 |
|
|
High school/ General Equivalency Diploma | 47 (32.4) | 0 (0) | 16 (22) | 5 (42) | 26 (50) |
|
|
|
Some college | 31 (21.4) | 2 (22) | 15 (21) | 2 (17) | 12 (23) |
|
|
|
Associate's | 17 (11.7) | 1 (11) | 11 (15) | 0 (0) | 5 (10) |
|
|
|
Bachelor's | 33 (22.8) | 6 (67) | 19 (26) | 3 (25) | 5 (10) |
|
|
|
>16 years | 11 (7.6) | 0 (0) | 9 (13) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) |
|
| Incomea (US $), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<$10,000 | 18 (12.4) | 0 (0) | 7 (10) | 1 (8) | 10 (19) | .004 |
|
|
$10,000-$14,999 | 6 (4.1) | 1 (11) | 3 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) |
|
|
|
$15,000-$19,999 | 15 (10.3) | 1 (11) | 6 (8) | 1 (8) | 7 (13) |
|
|
|
$20,000-$24,999 | 21 (14.5) | 1 (11) | 5 (7) | 0 (0) | 15 (29) |
|
|
|
$25,000-$34,999 | 15 (10.3) | 0 (0) | 5 (7) | 4 (33) | 6 (12) |
|
|
|
$35,000-$49,999 | 24 (16.6) | 4 (44) | 13 (18) | 1 (8) | 6 (12) |
|
|
|
$50,000-$74,999 | 21 (14.5) | 1 (11) | 15 (21) | 2 (17) | 3 (6) |
|
|
|
≥$75,000 | 19 (13.1) | 1 (11) | 14 (19) | 3 (25) | 1 (2) |
|
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 6 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) |
|
aComparison across platforms by chi-square contingency test.
bComparison across platforms by analysis of variance.
cComparison across platforms by Kruskal-Wallis test.
dComparison across platforms by Fisher exact test.