Table 1.
Whole-brain within-task contrasts
| Region | L/R | BA | x | y | z | t-Value | Voxels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive empathy | |||||||
| False belief > false photo | |||||||
| Temporal pole/STS/TPJ | R | 38/21/22/39/40 | 54.3 | 2.1 | –19.2 | 9.75 | 2414 |
| Temporal pole/STS/TPJ | L | 38/21/22/39 | –56.8 | –56.4 | 20.1 | 8.30 | 1946 |
| mPFC | L/R | 9/10 | –8.8 | 54 | 31.4 | 6.52 | 1605 |
| Precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex | L/R | 7/31 | –1.3 | –59.9 | 39 | 10.45 | 1217 |
| Pyramis (cerebellum) | L | –24 | –74.5 | –38.6 | 5.77 | 83 | |
| Subgenual cingulate cortex/caudate | L | 25 | –6.3 | 4.2 | –7.2 | 4.86 | 56 |
| Middle frontal gyrus/PMC | R | 6 | 39.1 | 1.6 | 47.7 | 3.73 | 21 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | L | 24 | –3.8 | 26.7 | 8.2 | 4.01 | 17 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | R | 8 | 21.5 | 24.8 | 48.9 | 3.53 | 16 |
| False photo > false belief | |||||||
| IPL/postcentral gyrus | L | 40/2 | –56.8 | –36.7 | 40.2 | –6.24 | 601 |
| Dorsolateral PFC | L | 46 | –41.7 | 28.2 | 30.1 | –5.97 | 470 |
| Mid/inferior temporal gyrus | L | 20/37 | –59.3 | –41.9 | –15.8 | –7.08 | 389 |
| Dorsolateral PFC | R | 46 | 49.2 | 36.4 | 22.3 | –5.40 | 321 |
| IPL/postcentral gyrus | R | 40/2 | 41.7 | –50.1 | 50.4 | –5.14 | 273 |
| Mid/inferior temporal gyrus | R | 20/37 | 56.8 | –39.2 | –18.7 | –5.39 | 122 |
| IFG | L | 9 | –51.8 | 7.4 | 34.4 | –4.91 | 64 |
| IFG | R | 9/44 | 49.2 | 0.1 | 25.8 | –4.60 | 50 |
| Medial frontal gyrus/SMA | R | 6 | 6.3 | –14.7 | 65.9 | –4.62 | 36 |
| Paracentral lobule/SMA | L | 4/6 | –8.8 | –32.6 | 62.2 | –3.87 | 26 |
| Medial postcentral gyrus | R | 2/5 | 11.4 | –48.5 | 69.5 | –4.60 | 22 |
| Precuneus | L | 7 | –11.4 | –83.3 | 43.2 | –3.88 | 20 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | L | 10/46 | –36.6 | 37.6 | –5.3 | –4.26 | 19 |
| Emotional empathy | |||||||
| Feeling > age estimation | |||||||
| Cuneus/lingual gyrus/R cerebellum | L/R | 17/18/19 | 11.4 | –73.7 | 2.9 | 10.91 | 3025 |
| IFG/anterior insula/temporal pole/STS/TPJ | L | 44/45/47/13/38/ 21/22/39/40 | –46.7 | 20.3 | –21.2 | 7.74 | 2346 |
| Dorsomedial PFC | L | 6/8/9 | –6.3 | 5.7 | 69.7 | 5.85 | 717 |
| Temporal pole/IFG | R | 38/47 | 39.1 | 15 | –18.5 | 5.31 | 239 |
| IFG | R | 45/47 | 49.2 | 34.8 | 0.5 | 4.29 | 62 |
| Middle frontal gyrus/PMC | L | 6 | –44.2 | –4.2 | 61 | 3.76 | 46 |
| Inferior occipital gyrus | L | 18/19 | –31.6 | –88.5 | –12.6 | 3.82 | 43 |
| Mid-STS | R | 22 | 44.2 | –29.7 | –0.2 | 5.34 | 38 |
| Dorsomedial PFC | R | 9 | 11.4 | 51.3 | 34 | 4.02 | 30 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform gyrus | L | 20/36 | –39.1 | –26.2 | –20.9 | 4.02 | 22 |
| Middle frontal gyrus/PMC | L | 6 | –41.7 | 4.1 | 50.5 | 4.15 | 21 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | R | 24 | 8.8 | 15.1 | 34.8 | 3.65 | 19 |
| Medial/superior frontal gyrus | R | 9 | 24 | 38.4 | 33.3 | 3.37 | 17 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | L | 32 | –8.8 | 12.3 | 40.1 | 4.1 | 16 |
| Age estimation > feeling | |||||||
| IPL/precuneus | R | 40/39/19 | 46.7 | –55.5 | 55.6 | –7.84 | 1853 |
| Dorsolateral PFC | R | 8/9/46 | 26.5 | 6.1 | 61.5 | –8.03 | 1331 |
| IPL/precuneus | L | 40/19 | –36.6 | –77.8 | 35.3 | –6.18 | 524 |
| Mid/inferior temporal gyrus | R | 20/37 | 56.8 | –23.9 | –14.8 | –6.82 | 378 |
| Precuneus | L/R | 7/31 | 6.3 | –64.9 | 36 | –4.43 | 268 |
| Posterior cingulate cortex | L/R | 31 | 3.8 | –39.3 | 40.1 | –5.9 | 209 |
| Superior/mid frontal gyrus/PMC | L | 6 | –21.5 | 6.4 | 56.1 | –5.55 | 121 |
| Mid/inferior temporal gyrus | L | 20/21 | –59.3 | –36.7 | –15.5 | –5.55 | 75 |
| Subgenual cingulate cortex | L | 25/32 | –11.4 | 17.3 | –12.4 | –4.35 | 41 |
| Frontal pole | R | 10 | 24 | 62.5 | 15.5 | –3.93 | 21 |
| Inferior semilunar lobule (cerebellum) | L/R | –6.3 | –79 | –53.7 | –4.24 | 20 | |
| Inferior temporal gyrus | R | 37 | 64.4 | –49.7 | –13.3 | –4.23 | 20 |
| Primary motor cortex | R | 4 | 61.9 | –18.6 | 38.5 | –3.99 | 18 |
| Orbitofrontal cortex/ventromedial PFC | R | 11 | 6.3 | 35.6 | –17.3 | –5.1 | 17 |
| Action simulation | |||||||
| Imitate-video > execute-image | |||||||
| Mid-posterior STS/TPJ/IPL/mid-inferior temporal | R | 22/37/19/39/40 | 51.8 | –63.1 | –2.2 | 13.7 | 2628 |
| gyrus/mid occipital gyrus/fusiform gyrus | |||||||
| PMC/mid frontal gyrus/IFG/anterior insula | R | 6/45/47/13 | 39.1 | –6.9 | 63.6 | 5.59 | 1168 |
| Posterior STS/TPJ/IPL/mid temporal gyrus/mid | L | 22/19/39/40 | –54.3 | –53.2 | 6.7 | 6.81 | 928 |
| occipital gyrus/fusiform gyrus | |||||||
| Precuneus/superior-mid occipital gyrus | R | 7/19 | 21.5 | –73.3 | 49.2 | 5.55 | 797 |
| Medial-superior frontal gyrus/SMA | R | 6 | 16.4 | 3 | 72.3 | 5.56 | 422 |
| Pyramis/uvula (cerebellum) | L | –16.4 | –66.6 | –41.1 | 6.66 | 225 | |
| Superior-mid frontal gyrus/PMC | L | 6 | –29 | –7.3 | 71.7 | 4.92 | 209 |
| Dorsolateral PFC | L | 46 | –49.2 | 41.4 | 25.3 | 4.49 | 108 |
| Anterior insula | L | 13 | –39.1 | 19.1 | 5.1 | 4.44 | 53 |
| Declive (cerebellum) | L | –46.7 | –51.7 | –28.3 | 4.16 | 44 | |
| Lateral mid frontal gyrus | L | 10 | –44.2 | 52.3 | 12.3 | 4.04 | 42 |
| Culmen (cerebellum) | L | –29 | –56.7 | –31.6 | 4.94 | 32 | |
| Precuneus | R | 7 | 26.5 | –49.7 | 42.3 | 3.67 | 32 |
| Pre/cuneus | L | 7 | –18.9 | –80.6 | 40.6 | 4.57 | 31 |
| Fusiform gyrus | R | 20 | 41.7 | –20.8 | –26.5 | 4.45 | 29 |
| Lateral mid frontal gyrus | R | 10 | 34.1 | 43.6 | 33.6 | 4.04 | 29 |
| IFG | L | 9/6 | –44.2 | 2.6 | 26 | 4.29 | 28 |
| IFG | L | 47/45/13 | –49.2 | 16.9 | –3.5 | 4 | 26 |
| IPL | L | 40 | –59.3 | –26.3 | 38.1 | 3.91 | 25 |
| Medial-superior frontal gyrus/SMA | L | 6 | –8.8 | –14.9 | 68.6 | 3.94 | 25 |
| Orbitofrontal gyrus | R | 11 | 21.5 | 25.4 | –20.9 | 4.19 | 22 |
| Superior frontal gyrus | L | 9 | –34.1 | 48.5 | 39.3 | 4.08 | 22 |
| Superior parietal lobule/precuneus | L | 7 | –16.4 | –73.4 | 51.9 | 4.05 | 18 |
| Execute-image > imitate-video | |||||||
| Cuneus | L/R | 17/18 | –16.4 | –79 | 5.4 | –4.76 | 178 |
| Caudate/hippocampus | R | 29 | –34.7 | –3.5 | –5 | 38 | |
Notes. Thresholded at P < 0.005; P < 0.05 corrected. Table displays region (STS, TPJ, PMC, PFC, SMA and IFG), hemisphere (L, left; R, right), BA, montreal neurological institute (MNI) coordinates (x, y, z), maximum neural activity for the peak of that cluster (t-value) and cluster size in voxels.