Table 4.
Associations Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Cancer Incidence, Registry-Based Case-Cohort Study (Total Sample = 14,854; Controls = 11,907), Linked Minnesota Birth and Cancer Records, 1989–2014
| Model | All Childhood Cancers Combined (n = 2,947) | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (n = 673) | Acute Myeloid Leukemia (n = 112) | Lymphomas (n = 311) | CNS Tumors (n = 662) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | |
| 1Bb | 1.09 | 1.04, 1.14 | <0.001 | 1.10 | 1.01, 1.20 | 0.03 | 1.07 | 0.88, 1.30 | 0.52 | 1.14 | 1.01, 1.30 | 0.04 | 1.18 | 1.08, 1.29 | <0.001 |
| 2Bc | 1.05 | 1.00, 1.11 | 0.04 | 1.08 | 0.99, 1.19 | 0.10 | 1.12 | 0.91, 1.39 | 0.30 | 1.15 | 1.00, 1.31 | 0.05 | 1.09 | 0.99, 1.20 | 0.09 |
| 3Bd | 1.04 | 0.99, 1.09 | 0.12 | 1.07 | 0.97, 1.17 | 0.18 | 1.08 | 0.87, 1.33 | 0.50 | 1.14 | 0.99, 1.32 | 0.06 | 1.09 | 0.98, 1.20 | 0.10 |
| 4Be | 1.04 | 0.99, 1.09 | 0.16 | 1.06 | 0.97, 1.17 | 0.22 | 1.07 | 0.86, 1.33 | 0.54 | 1.15 | 1.00, 1.32 | 0.06 | 1.09 | 0.98, 1.20 | 0.11 |
| 5Bf | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.09 | 0.21 | 1.05 | 0.96, 1.16 | 0.29 | 1.08 | 0.87, 1.34 | 0.49 | 1.13 | 0.98, 1.30 | 0.10 | 1.08 | 0.97, 1.19 | 0.15 |
| Neuroblastoma (n = 267) | Retinoblastoma (n = 80) | Wilms Tumor (n = 198) | Hepatoblastoma (n = 50) | Rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 79) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | OR | 95% CI | P Valuea | |
| 1Bb | 1.01 | 0.89, 1.15 | 0.82 | 1.07 | 0.85, 1.36 | 0.55 | 1.13 | 0.96, 1.32 | 0.14 | 0.83 | 0.66, 1.03 | 0.09 | 1.14 | 0.87, 1.50 | 0.34 |
| 2Bc | 0.97 | 0.84, 1.11 | 0.67 | 1.16 | 0.90, 1.50 | 0.25 | 1.01 | 0.85, 1.20 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.67, 1.11 | 0.24 | 1.06 | 0.79, 1.42 | 0.71 |
| 3Bd | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.09 | 0.45 | 1.17 | 0.90, 1.51 | 0.24 | 0.99 | 0.83, 1.18 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.65, 1.09 | 0.19 | 1.04 | 0.77, 1.41 | 0.80 |
| 4Be | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.09 | 0.43 | 1.16 | 0.90, 1.51 | 0.25 | 0.98 | 0.83, 1.17 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.68, 1.14 | 0.33 | 1.03 | 0.76, 1.40 | 0.83 |
| 5Bf | 0.93 | 0.81, 1.08 | 0.35 | 1.13 | 0.87, 1.46 | 0.37 | 0.98 | 0.82, 1.17 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.70, 1.20 | 0.52 | 1.08 | 0.79, 1.48 | 0.63 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system; OR, odds ratio.
aP values estimated from a logistic mixed model with a random intercept for census tract clustering using a 2-sided hypothesis test.
b Model 1B: bivariate.
c Model 2B adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity.
d Model 3B adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, birth order, birth year, and sex.
e Model 4B adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, birth order, birth year, sex, birth weight, and gestational age.
f Model 5B adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, birth order, birth year, sex, birth weight, gestational age, and maternal education.