Table 5.

Associations Between Established Risk Factors and Combined Childhood Cancer Incidence, Crude and Adjusted for Socioeconomic Status (Total Sample = 14,854; Controls = 11,907), Registry-Based Case-Cohort Study, Linked Minnesota Birth and Cancer Records, 1989–2014

Variable	Adjusted for Demographic and Birth Covariates (SES Excluded From Model)a			Adjusted for Demographic, Birth, and SES Covariates (SES Included in Model)b
	OR	95% CI	P Valuec	OR	95% CI	P Valuec
Race/ethnicity, NH white vs. other	1.23	1.09, 1.38	<0.01	1.17	1.03, 1.33	0.02
Maternal age, per 5-year increase	1.05	1.01, 1.09	0.01	1.04	0.99, 1.08	0.11
Birth weight, per 500-gram increase	1.11	1.06, 1.16	<0.001	1.10	1.06, 1.16	<0.001
Gestational age, per 1-week increase	0.94	0.92, 0.97	<0.001	0.94	0.92, 0.97	<0.001
First-born, first-born vs. other	1.11	1.02, 1.22	0.02	1.10	1.01, 1.21	0.04

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NH, non-Hispanic; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status.

^a Adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, birth order, birth year, sex, birth weight, and gestational age.

^b Adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, birth order, birth year, sex, birth weight, gestational age, maternal education, and neighborhood SES.

^cP values estimated from a logistic mixed model with a random intercept for census tract clustering using a 2-sided hypothesis test.