Table 2.
Effect of Prehospital Strength and Functional Measures on 30-Day Mortality
| Physical Function Measure | Alive, n = 438 | Dead, n = 137 | OR (95% Confidence Interval) | P-Valuea,b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous, mean ± standard deviation | ||||
| 20-m walking speed, 0.1 m/s slower | 1.09 ± 0.24 | 1.00 ± 0.25 | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | .004 |
| Grip strength, 10 kg lower | 31.68 ± 10.30 | 30.02 ± 8.80 | 1.25 (0.90–1.74) | .18 |
| Chair stand score, 1 unit lower | 1.85 ± 1.28 | 1.55 ± 1.78 | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | .12 |
| Balance stand score, 1 unit lowerc | 3.42 ± 1.14 | 3.20 ± 1.12 | ||
| 2 vs 3 | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | .12 | ||
| 3 vs 4 | 1.77 (1.13–2.78) | .01 | ||
| Categorical, n (%) | ||||
| Walk speed | ||||
| Fast (n = 362) | 287 (79) | 75 (21) | Reference | .13 |
| Moderate (n = 135) | 100 (74) | 35 (26) | 1.22 (0.75–1.97) | |
| Slow (n = 78) | 51 (65) | 27 (35) | 1.80 (1.02–3.17) | |
| Weak grip strength | ||||
| No (n = 228) | 176 (77) | 52 (23) | Reference | .33 |
| Yes (n = 112) | 80 (71) | 32 (29) | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) | |
| Chair stand | ||||
| Best (n = 114) | 95 (83) | 19 (17) | Reference | .22 |
| Moderate (n = 184) | 133 (73) | 51 (27) | 1.21 (0.88–1.66) | |
| Cannot perform (n = 73) | 54 (74) | 19 (26) | 1.13 (0.76–1.68) | |
| Balance | ||||
| Best (n = 261) | 210 (80) | 51 (20) | Reference | .04 |
| Moderate (n = 71) | 42 (59) | 29 (41) | 1.52 (1.03–2.25) | |
| Poor (n = 40) | 31 (78) | 9 (22) | 0.87 (0.53–1.44) |
a
Adjusted for age, race, and sex.
b
Multiple imputation analysis used for grip strength, chair stand, and balance odds ratio (OR) estimates.
c
Multiple imputation analysis quadratic effect for balance stand P = .03. Effects shown reflect estimates from model with quadratic balance stand score.