Table 3.
Effect of Prehospital Strength and Functional Measures on 1-Year Mortality
| Physical Function Measure | Alive, n = 371 | Dead, n = 204 | OR (95% Confidence Interval) | P-Valuea,b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous, mean ± standard deviation | ||||
| 20-m walking speed, 0.1 m/s slower | 1.11 ± 0.24 | 0.99 ± 0.25 | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | <.001 |
| Grip strength, 10 kg lower | 32.37 ± 10.17 | 29.33 ± 9.32 | 1.35 (1.02–1.80) | .04 |
| Chair stand score, 1 unit lower | 1.98 ± 1.26 | 1.45 ± 1.19 | 1.28 (1.07–1.54) | .007 |
| Balance stand score, 1 unit lower | 3.51 ± 1.03 | 3.12 ± 1.27 | 1.21 (1.01–1.43) | .03 |
| Categorical, n (%) | ||||
| Walk speed | ||||
| Fast (n = 362) | 255 (70) | 107 (30) | Reference | .01 |
| Moderate (n = 135) | 80 (59) | 55 (41) | 1.37 (0.89–2.10) | |
| Slow (n = 78) | 36 (46) | 42 (54) | 2.15 (1.27–3.65) | |
| Weak grip strength | ||||
| No (n = 228) | 151 (66) | 77 (34) | Reference | .26 |
| Yes (n = 112) | 66 (59) | 46 (41) | 1.14 (0.92–1.42) | |
| Chair stand | ||||
| Best (n = 114) | 87 (76) | 27 (24) | Reference | .01 |
| Moderate (n = 184) | 112 (61) | 72 (39) | 1.07 (0.79–1.45) | |
| Cannot perform (n = 73) | 35 (48) | 38 (52) | 1.52 (1.07–2.14) | |
| Balance | ||||
| Best (n = 261) | 179 (69) | 82 (31) | Reference | .07 |
| Moderate (n = 71) | 37 (52) | 34 (48) | 1.12 (0.78–1.60) | |
| Poor (n = 40) | 19 (48) | 21 (53) | 1.25 (0.81–1.95) |
a
Adjusted for age, race, and sex.
b
Multiple imputation analysis used for grip strength, chair stand, and balance odds ratio (OR) estimates.