Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for participants in the continuous care intervention (CCI) and usual care (UC) groups
| All | Completers with data | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD) or ± SE | N | Mean (SD) or ± SE | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 262 | 54 (8) | 218 | 54 (8) |
| Usual carea | 87 | 52 (10) | 78 | 52 (10) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 1 ± 1 | 2 ± 1* | ||
| Female (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 262 | 66.8 ± 2.9 | 218 | 65.1 ± 3.2 |
| Usual carea | 87 | 58.6 ± 5.3 | 78 | 60.3 ± 5.5 |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 8.2 ± 6.0 | 4.9 ± 6.4 | ||
| Smokers (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 211 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 176 | 4.0 ± 1.5 |
| Usual carea | 87 | 14.9 ± 3.8 | 78 | 14.1 ± 3.9 |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | − 11.2 ± 4.0† | − 10.1 ± 4.2* | ||
| Weight-clinic (kg) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 257 | 116.5 (25.9) | 184 | 115.4 (24.6) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 105.6 (22.2) | 69 | 106.8 (22.2) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 10.9 ± 2.9‡ | 8.6 ± 3.2† | ||
| BMI (kg m−2) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 257 | 40.4 (8.8) | 184 | 39.9 (7.9) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 36.7 (7.3) | 69 | 37.1 (7.6) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 3.7 ± 1.0‡ | 2.7 ± 1.1† | ||
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 262 | 7.60 (1.50) | 204 | 7.49 (1.40) |
| Usual carea | 87 | 7.64 (1.76) | 72 | 7.74 (1.82) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −0.04 ± 0.21 | −0.25 ± 0.24 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 260 | 132 (14) | 187 | 133 (15) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 130 (14) | 67 | 129 (13) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 2 ± 2 | 4 ± 2* | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 260 | 82 (8) | 187 | 82 (8) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 82 (9) | 67 | 81 (8) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 0 ± 1 | 0 ± 1 | ||
| ApoB (mg dL−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 248 | 105 (29) | 186 | 103 (28) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 107 (28) | 59 | 106 (30) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −2 ± 4 | −2 | ||
| ApoA1 (mg dL−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 248 | 146 (28) | 185 | 146 (29) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 149 (22) | 59 | 148 (21) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −3 ± 3 | −2 ± 3 | ||
| ApoB/ApoA1 ratio | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 248 | 0.74 (0.23) | 185 | 0.73 (0.23) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 0.73 (0.23) | 59 | 0.73 (0.25) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.00 ± 0.04 | ||
| Triglycerides (mg dL−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 247 | 197 (143) | 186 | 201 (153) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 283 (401) | 59 | 297 (458) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −86 ± 46* | −97 ± 61 | ||
| LDL-C (mg dL−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 232 | 103 (33) | 172 | 100 (33) |
| Usual carea | 70 | 102 (36) | 48 | 100 (38) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 1 ± 5 | 0 ± 6 | ||
| HDL-C (mg dL−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 247 | 42 (13) | 186 | 42 (14) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 38 (11) | 59 | 37 (11) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 5 ± 2† | 5 ± 2† | ||
| Triglycerides/HDL-C ratio | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 247 | 5.9 (7.1) | 186 | 6.1 (7.9) |
| Usual carea | 79 | 10.5 (23.2) | 59 | 11.5 (26.5) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −4.6 ± 2.6 | −5.4 ± 3.5 | ||
| Large VLDL-P (nmol L−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 259 | 10 (8) | 203 | 9 (8) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 12 (12) | 68 | 12 (13) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −2 ± 1 | −2 ± 2 | ||
| Total LDL-P (nmol L−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 259 | 1300 (465) | 203 | 1296 (476) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 1289 (511) | 68 | 1243 (484) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 11 ± 63 | 52 ± 68 | ||
| Small LDL-P (nmol L−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 259 | 774 (377) | 203 | 778 (378) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 719 (322) | 68 | 699 (326) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 55 ± 42 | 789 ± 48 | ||
| LDL-particle size (nm) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 259 | 20.30 (0.55) | 201 | 20.3 (0.55) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 20.33 (0.56) | 68 | 20.32 (0.55) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −0.03 ± 0.07 | −0.03 ± 0.08 | ||
| Total HDL-P (μmol L−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 259 | 31.3 (6.4) | 203 | 31.7 (6.4) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 29.9 (5.8) | 68 | 30.2 (6.0) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | ||
| Large HDL-P (μmol L−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 259 | 4.3 (2.5) | 203 | 4.2 (2.5) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 3.8 (2.1) | 68 | 3.8 (2.1) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | ||
| LP-IR score | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 259 | 72 (17) | 203 | 72 (18) |
| Usual carea | 83 | 75 (16) | 68 | 74 (17) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −3 ± 2 | −2 ± 2 | ||
| C-reactive protein (mg L−1) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 249 | 8.5 (14.5) | 193 | 9.0 (16.1) |
| Usual carea | 85 | 8.9 (8.6) | 70 | 9.1 (9.0) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −0.3 ± 1.3 | −0.1 ± 1.6 | ||
| WBC | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 260 | 7.2 (1.9) | 204 | 7.1 (1.8) |
| Usual carea | 86 | 8.1 (2.4) | 72 | 8.3 (2.4) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −0.9 ± 0.3† | −1.2 ± 0.3§ | ||
| 10-year ASCVD risk (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 198 | 11.1 (9.1) | 135 | 12.1 (9.3) |
| Usual carea | 72 | 11.8 (10.8) | 55 | 11.4 (10.8) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | ||
| CIMT-average (mm) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 236 | 0.681 (0.108) | 144 | 0.692 (0.113) |
| Usual carea | 84 | 0.681 (0.116) | 68 | 0.680 (0.111) |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −0.001 ± 0.014 | 0.013 ± 0.016 | ||
| Statin (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 262 | 50.0 ± 3.1 | 218 | 51.8 ± 3.4 |
| Usual carea | 87 | 58.6 ± 5.3 | 73 | 54.8 ± 5.8 |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | −8.6 ± 6.1 | −3.0 ± 6.7 | ||
| Any antihypertensive medication (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 262 | 67.2 ± 2.9 | 218 | 68.4 ± 3.2 |
| Usual carea | 87 | 52.9 ± 5.4 | 73 | 50.7 ± 5.9 |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 14.3 ± 6.1* | 17.7 ± 6.7† | ||
| ACE or ARB (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 262 | 29.4 ± 2.8 | 218 | 28.0 ± 3.0 |
| Usual carea | 87 | 18.4 ± 4.2 | 73 | 16.4 ± 4.3 |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 11.0 ± 5.0* | 11.5 ± 5.3* | ||
| Diuretics (%) | ||||
| CCI-all educationa | 262 | 40.8 ± 3.0 | 218 | 41.3 ± 3.3 |
| Usual carea | 87 | 29.9 ± 4.9 | 73 | 24.7 ± 5.0 |
| CCI-all vs. usual careb | 11.0 ± 5.8 | 16.6 ± 6.1† | ||
Significant baseline difference between means or percentages are designated by the following symbols: * 0.05 > P ≥ 0.01, †0.01 > P ≥ 0.001, ‡0.001 > P ≥ 0.0001, §P < 0.0001
a Mean and standard deviations for continuous variables, percents and standard errors for categorical variables
b Difference between means or percentages ± 1 standard error of the difference