Figure 6.

Piperine combined with LY294002 significantly decreases p-Akt, p-mTOR and MMP-9 protein levels in DU145 cells. Cells were treated with piperine (160 µM) and piperine (160 µM) + LY294002 (10 µM) for 48 h. (A) Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression of (B) p-mTOR, (C) p-Akt and (D) MMP-9 in DU145 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=3). *P<0.05 vs. control group; ^{^}P<0.05 vs. Piperine treatment group. p-/phos-, phosphorylated; t-, total; Akt, protein kinase B; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.