Figure 3.

SA-β-gal activity was induced by transfection of KNDC1-adenovirus vector. (A) Representative images. Black arrows indicate the generation of the typical morphological characteristics of cell senescence. (B) Senescence level of the HUVECs was evaluated by the ratio of SA-β-Gal-positive to total cells. Data are presented as the mean of three replicate experiments (n=3) ± standard deviation. Bars having different letters are significantly different (*P<0.05 vs. C and A groups). C, blank control group; A, negative control group, HUVECs were transfected with adenovirus; K30/60/90, experimental group, HUVECs were transfected with 30/60/90 pfu/cell KNDC1-adenovirus. KNDC1, kinase noncatalytic C-lobe domain containing 1; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; pfu, plaque forming units; SA-β-Gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase.