Effects of curcumin on cardiac morphology and histology. (A) Effects of curcumin on heart/body weight ratio. (B) Representative images of H&E staining (magnification, ×200; scale bar=50 µm) and ultrastructure of LVAW cardiomyocytes (magnification, ×2,000; scale bar=3 µm). (C) Effects of curcumin on LVAW cardiomyocytes cross-sectional area. (D) Representative images of LVAW, measured by Masson, picrosirius red staining and TUNEL assay (magnification, ×200; scale bar=50 µm). Quantification of LVAW collagen volume (%) detected by (E) masson staining, (F) picrosirius red staining. (G) Quantification of cardiomyocyte apoptosis index detected by TUNEL assay. All data are expressed as the mean ± stadard deviation, n=10. *P<0.05. CHF, chronic heart failure; Con, control; Cur, curcumin; LVAW, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling; H&E, haematoxylin & eosin.