Figure 4.

Gain-of-function analysis. A, CaMV 35S promoter of 90 bp from the transcriptional start site fused to the LUC reporter gene was used as the control construct. To the control construct, several 3′-deleted fragments of the pra2 upstream region were fused. The names of the resulting plasmids are indicated on the right. White bold line, 93-bp region; thin line, deleted region. Control or GF1 to GF5 constructs were introduced into the growing zone of etiolated, intact stem by particle bombardment, with the 35S-GUS construct as the internal standard. After bombardments, the plants were kept in darkness (D) or irradiated with white light (L) for 12 h. Values are the means of at least four independently bombarded samples, with error bars representing se (n ≥ 4). Relative activity is defined in Figure 2b. NOS, Nopaline synthase terminator.