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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Mol Med. 2018 Feb;24(2):129–143. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.002

Figure 3. Neurocircuits linked to addiction severity identified via nicotine metabolism genetics.

Figure 3

(A) Human whole-brain analysis identified the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and striatum as the only regions displaying a genotype (slow vs. intermediate vs. normal metabolizer) by smoking (smoker vs. nonsmoker) interaction when considering functional connectivity strength (FCS). Unlike nonsmokers, smokers with the slow metabolizing CYP2A6 genotype demonstrated reduced FCS in these brain regions. (B) Among the slow metabolizing smoker subgroup, FCS values in both the dACC (left) and the left striatum were negatively correlated with addiction severity (FTND) scores. (C) A standard rsFC assessment employing the striatal region as a seed identified specific neurocircuits driving the FCS genotype by environment (smoking) interaction in (A), including striatum-dACC (1) and striatum-insula (2 & 3) neurocircuits. Figure adapted from [69].