Table 2.
Cytokine levels in tumors of control- and WA-treated rats*
| Cytokine | Cytokine levels by group, pg/mg |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 12) Mean (95% CI) | 4 mg/kg WA (n = 10) Mean (95% CI) | 8 mg/kg WA (n = 11) Mean (95% CI) | |
| EGF | 3.32 (0.92 to 5.72) | 1.60 (0.21 to 2.99) | 1.10 (0.29 to 1.91) |
| Eotaxin | 3.44 (2.85 to 4.04) | 2.89 (2.17 to 3.61) | 2.83 (1.69 to 3.97) |
| Fractalkine | 110.5 (65.57 to 155.5) | 75.76 (45.52 to 106.0) | 81.00 (57.55 to 104.4) |
| G-CSF | 0.13 (−0.09 to 0.35) | 0.12 (−0.15 to 0.38) | 0.99 (−0.59 to 2.56) |
| GM-CSF | 3.79 (−1.86 to 9.44) | 3.24 (−4.09 to 10.57) | 0.62 (−0.51 to 1.76) |
| GRO | 63.66 (15.93 to 111.4) | 67.72 (32.82 to 102.6) | 57.52 (18.51 to 96.54) |
| IFN-γ | 305.0 (202.5 to 407.6) | 287.6 (208.7 to 366.5) | 318.9 (258.3 to 379.5) |
| IL-1α | 26.41 (9.98 to 42.85) | 20.77 (3.62 to 37.92) | 18.11 (13.30 to 22.92) |
| IL-1β | 16.71 (10.87 to 22.55) | 14.09 (7.48 to 20.70) | 15.80 (7.85 to 23.75) |
| IL-2 | 11.60 (5.98 to 17.22) | 10.03 (5.06 to 15.00) | 10.88 (5.39 to 16.38) |
| IL-4 | 13.17 (4.68 to 21.65) | 13.00 (5.54 to 20.46) | 15.36 (7.01 to 23.70) |
| IL-5 | 12.28 (6.05 to 18.52) | 13.65 (6.31 to 20.98) | 15.45 (8.13 to 22.77) |
| IL-6 | 48.27 (−9.19 to 105.7) | 48.40 (−18.48 to 115.3) | 46.09 (−9.48 to 101.7) |
| IL-10 | 13.29 (9.21 to 17.38) | 11.15 (5.91 to 16.39) | 12.98 (8.69 to 17.27) |
| IL-12p70 | 1.95 (0.09 to 3.80) | 2.37 (0.62 to 4.12) | 3.01 (0.01 to 6.02) |
| IL-13 | 20.33 (7.99 to 32.68) | 14.32 (0.94 to 27.70) | 23.78 (7.80 to 39.76) |
| IL-17 | 0.32 (−0.15 to 0.80) | ND | 0.14 (−0.17 to 0.44) |
| IL-18 | 4507 (3391 to 5623) | 3542 (2216 to 4868) | 4200 (3141 to 5259) |
| IP-10 | 56.31 (35.92 to 76.70) | 79.33 (−8.76 to 167.40) | 63.99 (29.97 to 98.02) |
| Leptin | 265.0 (135.8 to 394.2) | 202.0 (38.70 to 365.4) | 242.2 (−65.65 to 550.0) |
| LIX | 26.88 (19.23 to 34.53) | 30.90 (21.54 to 40.25) | 35.04 (23.52 to 46.56) |
| MCP-1 | 57.40 (29.83 to 84.96) | 52.67 (22.83 to 82.51) | 63.58 (33.22 to 93.93) |
| MIP-1α | 4.52 (2.29 to 6.74) | 4.45 (1.22 to 7.68) | 4.75 (2.04 to 7.45) |
| MIP2 | 10.63 (0.68 to 20.57) | 9.29 (−1.35 to 19.92) | 6.02 (−1.21 to 13.24) |
| RANTES | 133.0 (84.29 to 181.6) | 122.6 (−20.95 to 266.1) | 107.9 (52.74 to 163.1) |
| TNF-α | 0.06 (−0.07 to 0.18) | 0.27 (−0.35 to 0.89) | 0.49 (−0.26 to 1.25) |
| VEGF | 474.2 (288.8 to 659.7) | 369.9 (118.9 to 621.0) | 605.2 (417.8 to 792.6) |
*
CI = confidence interval; ND = not detectable; WA = Withaferin A.