Table 11.
Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for tested cases aged between 1 and 4 years
| Case definition | Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) | PPV % (95% CI) | NPV % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| World Health Organization epidemic cholera definition | 94.0 (91.1–96.1) | 6.1 (4.4–8.1) | 36.1 (33.1–39.2) | 64.1 (51.1–75.7) |
| Watery stool and dehydration | 95.0 (92.2–97.0) | 19.0 (16.1–22.2) | 39.3 (36.1–42.7) | 87.3 (80.7–92.3) |
| Watery stool and vomiting | 87.9 (84.2–91.1) | 23.3 (20.1–26.7) | 39.1 (35.7–42.5) | 77.6 (71.1–83.2) |
| Watery stool and ≤ 9 stools in the last 24 hours | 50.4 (45.1–55.7) | 44.4 (40.5–48.4) | 33.7 (29.7–37.9) | 61.5 (56.9–66.0) |
| Watery stool and (10–25) stools in the last 24 hours | 47.9 (42.6–53.2) | 59.4 (55.5–63.3) | 39.8 (35.1–44.6) | 67.0 (63.0–70.9) |
| Watery stool and dry mucous membranes | 63.8 (58.5–68.9) | 57.4 (53.4–61.3) | 45.3 (40.8–49.9) | 74.2 (70.0–78.0) |
| Watery stool and dehydration and vomiting | 85.5 (81.4–89.0) | 28.8 (25.3–32.5) | 40.1 (36.6–43.7) | 78.1 (72.2–83.2) |
| Watery stool and dehydration and ≤ 9 stools in the last 24 hours | 47.9 (42.5–53.2) | 58.9 (54.9–62.7) | 39.3 (34.6–44.1) | 67.0 (62.9–70.9) |
| Watery stool and dehydration and (10–25) stools in the last 24 hours | 47.9 (42.5–53.2) | 59.1 (55.1–63.0) | 39.9 (35.1–44.7) | 66.7 (62.5–70.6) |
| Watery stool and (dehydration or vomiting) | 97.8 (95.6–99.0) | 12.6 (10.2–15.5) | 38.5 (35.3–41.7) | 91.0 (83.1–96.0) |
| Watery stool and (dehydration or rice water stools) | 97.2 (94.9–98.6) | 18.4 (15.4–21.6) | 39.8 (36.5–43.1) | 92.2 (86.1–96.2) |
| Watery stool and (dehydration or rice water stools or vomiting) | 98.0 (96.0–99.2) | 12.5 (10.0–15.3) | 38.6 (35.4–41.8) | 91.9 (83.9–96.7) |
| Watery stool and vomiting and dry mucous membranes | 57.5 (52.1–62.8) | 61.7 (57.7–65.6) | 45.6 (40.8–50.4) | 72.3 (68.2–76.1) |
| Rice water stools | 78.8 (74.4–82.8) | 30.0 (26.6–33.7) | 38.9 (35.4–42.5) | 71.5 (65.9–76.7) |
| Rice water stools and dehydration | 80.2 (75.7–84.2) | 29.8 (26.3–33.5) | 38.7 (35.2–42.3) | 73.1 (67.3–78.4) |
| Rice water stools and vomiting | 73.4 (68.5–77.9) | 35.9 (32.2–39.7) | 39.0 (35.3–42.8) | 70.7 (65.5–75.6) |
| Rice water stools and ≤ 9 stools in the last 24 hours | 39.5 (34.3–44.8) | 65.1 (61.2–68.8) | 38.3 (33.1–43.7) | 66.6 (62.6–70.4) |
| Rice water stools and (10–25) stools in the last 24 hours | 44.3 (39.1–49.7) | 62.7 (58.8–66.5) | 40.0 (35.1–45.1) | 66.7 (62.8–70.5) |
| Rice water stools and dry mucous membranes | 54.5 (49.0–60.0) | 61.0 (57.1–64.9) | 43.1 (38.3–48.0) | 71.3 (67.2–75.2) |
| Rice water stools and dehydration and vomiting | 71.8 (66.8–76.5) | 36.3 (32.5–40.1) | 38.6 (34.8–42.4) | 69.8 (64.5–74.7) |
| Rice water stools and dehydration and ≤ 9 stools in the last 24 hours | 40.3 (34.9–45.9) | 64.7 (60.7–68.5) | 38.3 (33.1–43.7) | 66.6 (62.6–70.4) |
| Rice water stools and dehydration and (10–25) stools in the last 24 hours | 41.5 (36.4–46.7) | 63.8 (59.9–67.5) | 39.8 (34.9–44.9) | 65.3 (61.4–69.1) |
| Rice water stools and vomiting and dry mucous membranes | 47.9 (42.5–53.4) | 64.8 (60.8–68.6) | 43.2 (38.1–48.4) | 69.0 (65.0–72.8) |
CI = confidence interval; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value.