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. 2018 Mar 8;8(8):2161–2170. doi: 10.7150/thno.23335

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Intraoperative NIRF to guide complete tumor resection (patient #9). (A) Intraoperative NIRF before tumor resection: Hyperfluorescence of a ccRCC was seen after injection of ¹¹¹In-DOTA-girentuximab-IRDye800CW. NIRF was successfully used for tumor border delineation. (B) Ex vivo NIRF of the resected specimen showed a rim of normal hypofluorescent tissue around the hyperfluorescent tumor indicating a negative surgical margin, as confirmed by histopathology. (C) Intraoperative NIRF of the surgical cavity after tumor resection indicated complete tumor removal.