TABLE 4.
Associations of Immigration with 12-month Deliberate Self-Injury and Suicidal Ideation, Adjusted by Demographics, Depressive Mood, Substance Use, and Violence Acts in the 2006 Boston Youth Survey
| Deliberate self-injury |
Suicidal ideation
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORa | 95% CI | ORa | 95% CI | |
| Immigration and time in the United States | ||||
| U.S.-born/≥1 U.S.-born parent | 1 | 1 | ||
| U.S.-born/foreign-born parents | 1.1 | 0.5–2.3 | 1.3b | 0.7–2.4 |
| Foreign-born/>4 yrs in the United States | 1.5 | 0.4–6.4 | — | |
| Foreign-born/≤4 yrs in the United States | 1.5 | 0.7–3.5 | 1.4 | 0.7–3.0 |
| Immigration and ethnicity identification | ||||
| Non-Hispanic/U.S.-born | 1 | 1 | ||
| Non-Hispanic/foreign-born | 1.1 | 0.5–2.8 | 0.8 | 0.3–2.0 |
| Hispanic/U.S.-born | 0.8 | 0.4–1.9 | 1.3 | 0.6–2.8 |
| Hispanic/foreign-born | 1.8 | 0.7–4.7 | 1.8 | 0.7–4.8 |
| Immigration/language | ||||
| U.S.-born/English at home | 1 | 1 | ||
| U.S.-born/no English at home | 1.1 | 0.5–2.6 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.8 |
| Foreign-born/English at home | 2.1 | 0.7–6.0 | 2.1 | 0.8–5.4 |
| Foreign-born/no English at home | 1.5 | 0.6–3.5 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.6 |
| Immigration/discrimination | ||||
| U.S.-born/no discrimination | 1 | 1 | ||
| Foreign-born/no discrimination | 2.1 | 0.9–5.0 | 1.1 | 0.4–2.6 |
| U.S.-born/discrimination | 3.2 | 1.5–6.9 | 2.3 | 1.1–4.6 |
| Foreign-born/discrimination | 1.6 | 0.6–4.5 | 1.5 | 0.6–3.9 |
a
Odds ratio (OR) from multiple conditional logistic regression controlling for sociodemographic variables and depressive mood, substance use, and reporting violence.
b
Model did not converge.