Table 2.
Taxonomy of implementation outcomes
| Outcome Variable | Definition | Levels of Analysis with Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Adoption | Intending to use, deciding to use, or actually using an EHBI | Structural: A state health district’s decision to adopt a county-wide cardiovascular health awareness and action campaign |
| Organizational: A company’s decision to utilize a new health promotion program | ||
| Individual EBHI implementer: An occupational hygienist’s intent to try out a new hearing conservation program | ||
| Individual EBHI end-user: A worker’s use of noise-cancelling headphones | ||
| Fidelity | The degree to which the EBHI was implemented as specified or intended by its developers | Structural: The number of topics covered in a community-wide eight-session bullying prevention program of the eight topics prescribed (one per session) |
| Organizational: The percentage of CDC vending-machine guidelines for healthy food and nutrition that a worksite’s vending machine meets | ||
| Individual EBHI implementer: The level of a counselor’s skill in delivering a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention to police officers with post-traumatic stress | ||
| Individual EBHI end-user The extent of a worker’s adherence to an exercise prescription with weekly goals for exercise type, frequency, duration, and intensity | ||
| Cost | The financial impact of the implementation effort; can be assessed as cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, or actual cost | Structural: The expense of maintaining a social media platform to promote and coordinate a county-wide partnership of businesses, schools, and faith groups focused on preventing chronic disease |
| Organizational: The cost of training maintenance workers at a worksite in new ventilation cleaning procedures to improve indoor air quality | ||
| Individual EBHI implementer: The fee that a substance abuse professional pays for a professional development training on group counseling for addicted workers | ||
| Individual EBHI end-user: The amount a worker pays for an employer-subsidized annual gym membership | ||
| Penetration | The extent to which the EBHI reaches all eligible people, including all possible people who could implement the EBHI, and/or all possible people who could receive the EBHI | Structural: The percentage of a city’s population that participates in at least one component of a community health promotion and disease prevention initiative |
| Organizational: The ratio of workers who participate in a sleep improvement intervention to the total number of workers in the company. | ||
| Sustainability | The extent to which the EBHI becomes institutionalized within an implementing organization’s permanent operations or becomes a routine practice within an individual end-user’s behavioral repertoire | Organizational: A company has a permanent line item on its annual budget to fund the development and delivery of a health improvement workshop for its workforce |
| Individual EBHI implementer: After being trained to use a structured participatory ergonomics process for generating health interventions, HR professionals were significantly more likely to use the process to address workforce health concerns | ||
| Individual EBHI end-user: A group of transportation workers significantly increased daily sunscreen application following a skin cancer prevention program |
EBHI = Evidence-based health innovations