Table 1. Characteristics of the 33,992 included participants.
| GENDER | All included participants | Participants with a daily job exposure to the public | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEN | WOMEN | MEN | WOMEN | |||||
| N (%) | 16,566(48.7%) | 17,426(51.3%) | 10,323(43.7%) | 13,318(56.3%) | ||||
| CONTINUOUS VARIABLES | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Age (years) | 44.3 | 10.3 | 43.7 | 10.4 | 44.0 | 10.3 | 43.5 | 10.4 |
| Depression score (CESD) | 9.0 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 7.4 | 11.5 | 8.9 |
| Perceived health statusa | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
| Effort-reward imbalanceb | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
| CATEGORICAL VARIABLES | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % |
| Occupational status | ||||||||
| Farmer, blue-collar worker and craftsman | 2512 | 15.2 | 558 | 3.2 | 1314 | 12.7 | 288 | 2.2 |
| Clerk | 2382 | 14.4 | 5801 | 33.3 | 1880 | 18.2 | 4790 | 36.0 |
| Intermediate worker | 4358 | 26.3 | 5948 | 34.1 | 3186 | 30.9 | 5150 | 38.7 |
| Executive | 7314 | 44.2 | 5119 | 29.4 | 3943 | 38.2 | 3090 | 23.2 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 2341 | 14.1 | 2707 | 15.5 | 1417 | 13.7 | 1999 | 15.0 |
| Marital life | 12768 | 77.1 | 12343 | 70.8 | 7959 | 77.1 | 9473 | 71.1 |
| Separated or divorced | 1380 | 8.3 | 2112 | 12.1 | 894 | 8.7 | 1637 | 12.3 |
| Widower | 77 | 0.5 | 264 | 1.5 | 53 | 0.5 | 209 | 1.6 |
| Household income(euros per month) | ||||||||
| Less than 2100 | 2252 | 13.6 | 3191 | 18.3 | 1520 | 14.7 | 2577 | 19.3 |
| Between 2100 and 2800 | 2407 | 14.5 | 2854 | 16.4 | 1572 | 15.2 | 2239 | 16.8 |
| Between 2800 and 4200 | 5708 | 34.5 | 5392 | 34.0 | 3725 | 36.1 | 4708 | 35.4 |
| More than 4200 | 6199 | 37.4 | 5449 | 31.3 | 3506 | 34.0 | 3794 | 28.5 |
| Education ISCED classification | ||||||||
| Levels 0 and 1 | 302 | 1.8 | 217 | 1.2 | 174 | 1.7 | 135 | 1.0 |
| Level 2 | 551 | 3.3 | 583 | 3.3 | 358 | 3.5 | 443 | 3.3 |
| Levels 3 and 4 | 5232 | 31.6 | 4559 | 26.2 | 3417 | 33.1 | 3604 | 27.1 |
| Levels 5 and 6 | 5372 | 32.4 | 7668 | 44.0 | 3773 | 36.5 | 6330 | 47.5 |
| Levels 7 and 8 | 5109 | 30.8 | 4399 | 25.2 | 2601 | 25.2 | 2806 | 21.1 |
| Daily job exposure to the publicto the public in the workplace | ||||||||
| No | 6243 | 37.7 | 4108 | 23.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | 10323 | 62.3 | 13318 | 76.4 | 10323 | 100 | 13318 | 100 |
| Frequency of stressful exposure | ||||||||
| Never or rarely | 7564 | 73.3 | 9166 | 68.8 | 7564 | 73.3 | 9166 | 68.8 |
| Often or almost always | 2759 | 26.7 | 4152 | 31.2 | 2759 | 26.7 | 4152 | 31.2 |
| Chronic alcohol consumptionc | ||||||||
| Non regular user | 4442 | 26.8 | 8073 | 46.3 | 2696 | 26.1 | 6247 | 46.9 |
| Low | 11165 | 67.4 | 8144 | 46.7 | 6952 | 67.3 | 6172 | 46.3 |
| Medium | 666 | 4.0 | 1025 | 5.9 | 473 | 4.6 | 764 | 5.7 |
| High or very high | 293 | 1.8 | 184 | 1.1 | 202 | 2.0 | 135 | 1.0 |
| Heavy episodic drinkingd | ||||||||
| Never | 5823 | 35.2 | 11459 | 65.8 | 3473 | 33.6 | 8819 | 66.2 |
| At most once a month | 9220 | 55.7 | 5486 | 31.5 | 5839 | 56.6 | 4150 | 31.2 |
| More than once a month | 1523 | 9.2 | 481 | 2.8 | 1011 | 9.8 | 349 | 2.6 |
| Alcohol use riske | ||||||||
| Mild | 13070 | 78.9 | 16157 | 92.7 | 8013 | 77.6 | 12369 | 92.9 |
| Dangerous | 3023 | 18.2 | 1136 | 6.5 | 1996 | 19.3 | 851 | 6.4 |
| Problematic or dependence | 473 | 2.9 | 133 | 0.8 | 314 | 3.0 | 98 | 0.7 |
| Tobacco usef | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 7262 | 43.8 | 8378 | 48.1 | 4312 | 41.8 | 6318 | 47.4 |
| Former smoker | 6125 | 37.0 | 5823 | 33.4 | 3890 | 37.7 | 4420 | 33.2 |
| Current light smoker | 1250 | 7.5 | 1616 | 9.3 | 819 | 7.9 | 1285 | 9.6 |
| Current moderate smoker | 1347 | 8.1 | 1328 | 7.6 | 906 | 8.8 | 1064 | 8.0 |
| Current heavy smoker | 582 | 3.5 | 281 | 1.6 | 396 | 3.8 | 231 | 1.7 |
| Cannabis use | ||||||||
| Never used | 7473 | 45.1 | 9856 | 56.6 | 4508 | 43.7 | 7462 | 56.0 |
| No consumption during the previous 12 months | 7233 | 43.7 | 6523 | 37.4 | 4557 | 44.1 | 5052 | 37.9 |
| Less than once a month | 817 | 4.9 | 580 | 3.3 | 550 | 5.3 | 459 | 3.4 |
| Once a month or more | 1043 | 6.3 | 467 | 2.7 | 708 | 6.9 | 345 | 2.6 |
SD: Standard Deviation; CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; ISCED: International Standard Classification of Education;
aFrom a 8-pointLikert scale with a score of 1 indicated a very good general health and a score of 8 a very poor one;
bComputed from 7 items regarding rewards and from 3 items regarding efforts as follows: ERI = (7/3)*(effort total score/reward total score), and with all the items assessed on a 4-pointlikert scale;
cA non-regular consumption is defined as a consumption of less than one standard drink per week. Regarding regular consumers, the following cut-offs in men(women):<28drinks per week(14); <43(29); <71(43) and ≥71(43) define low, medium, high or very high risk alcohol consumption categories, respectively;
dDefined as at least six standard alcoholic beverages on the same occasion;
eCategories are defined from Alcohol Use Disorders Identification scores as follows: Mild (0–7), Dangerous (8–15), Problematic (16–19) and Dependence (20–40);
fCategories of current smokers are defined as follows: Light (1 to 9 cigarettes per day), Moderate (10 to 19) and Heavy (>19) consumers.