Fig. 4. (A~D) The concentrations of four key molecules as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human keratinocyte cells treated with hot spring (HS), poly (I:C), HS with poly (I:C), and controls (n=3). The density of TARC expression was significantly decreased in HS with poly (I:C)-treated group versus poly (I:C) only group (p<0.001). The density of IP-10 was also measured to be lower in HS with poly (I:C)-treated group versus poly (I:C) only group (p<0.001), thus the ratio (0.84) was much smaller than that observed for TARC (0.18). RANTES followed the downward trend as well. The absolute concentration of Eotaxin was much lower than those of TARC, IP-10, or RANTES. TARC: thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, IP-10: interferon-γ induced protein-10, RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted.