Figure 3.

PMI5011 reduces lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle absent robust changes in expression of skeletal muscle factors involved in lipid metabolism. A) Expression of a panel of genes involved in lipid metabolism was assayed in mixed gastrocnemius muscle using qRT-PCR. B,C) Total and phospho-protein levels were determined mixed gastrocnemiusmuscle using a panel of proteins that regulate signaling events and transcriptional activity in fatty acid oxidation or insulin signaling in mice fed the HFD alone (Control) or supplemented with PMI5011 (PMI5011). D)Phosphorylation of AMPK relative to total AMPK (AMPKα1 and AMPKα2) and E) phosphorylation of AKT relative to total AKT was determined. F) H&E staining of gastrocnemius muscle mice fed a HFD alone (Control) or supplemented with PMI5011 (PMI5011). G) Triglyceride content was assayed in gastrocnemius and reported as mg dL⁻¹. Statistical significance is reported as the mean ± SD, compared to control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.