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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cancer. 2018 Mar 13;4(4):292–319. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.02.005

Figure 8. Stress alleviation strategy.

Figure 8

(A) Reengineering the tumor microenvironment with losartan improved the efficacy of the clinically approved cancer nanomedicine Doxil, a liposomal nanoparticle containing doxorubicin (reproduced with permission from [70]). (B) Losartan depleted collagen fibers (blue color) and increased the number of perfused vessels (green color) in preclinical breast tumor models. (C) Combinatorial treatment of losartan with chemotherapy improved overall survival in breast (E0771, 4T1) and pancreatic (AK4.4) tumor models. Scale bar: 1 mm. (reproduced with permission from [71]). (D) Losartan treatment improves outcome in PDAC patients. Previous studies with Folfirinox (FFX) alone or combined with radiation therapy (RT) showed modest improvement in the number of patients that became eligible for surgical resection of the tumor (gray and red bars, studies by Rombouts et al. [221] and Faris et al., [222] respectively). Treatment with losartan combined with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) increased the resection rates dramatically, with 56% of tumors becoming resectable. Remarkably, 52% achieved R0 marginsi.