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. 2018 Apr 17;20(4):e150. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9897

Table 3.

Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) for clinician and patient talk in virtual and face-to-face consultations, based on Roter interaction analysis system.

Clusters of talk Consultations, median (IQR)

Video Face-to-face

Clinician Patient Total Clinician Patient Total
Diabetes (adult or young adult)






Socioemotional 72 (26.5) 55 (34.0) 120 (51.5) 54 (30.0) 88 (71.8) 117 (71.0)

Task-focused 82 (38.8) 82 (49.8) 170 (53.5) 122 (24.5) 74 (34.3) 206 (4.5)

Process oriented 31 (21.5) 3 (4.0) 35 (21.5) 29 (8.3) 7 (9.5) 35 (11.8)

Technology-related 1 (6.0) 1 (2.8) 2 (8.8)



Total number of utterances 181 (42.3) 143 (84.3) 337 (112.5) 204 (38.8) 173 (82.5) 366 (93.8)

Clinician dominance

1.3 (0.6)

1.3 (0.7)

Clinician directedness

0.7 (0.5)

0.5 (0.4)
Antenatal diabetes






Socioemotional 35 (44.5) 38 (39.0) 74 (80.8) 43 (24.8) 36 (26.0) 83 (38.0)

Task-focused 37 (27.5) 29 (19.0) 66 (48.5) 42 (22.3) 23 (24.2) 73 (30.2)

Process oriented 6 (8.0) 2 (2.5) 8 (10.3) 11 (12.8) 1 (2.8) 14 (13.3)

Technology-related 5 (6.3) 3 (3.5) 7 (9.0)



Total number of utterances 89 (66.0) 77 (59.5) 167 (125.5) 103 (38.8) 69 (51.3) 168 (76.3)

Clinician dominance

1.2 (0.3)

1.6 (0.5)a

Clinician directedness

0.8 (1.3)

0.8 (0.9)
Hepatobiliary cancer surgery






Socioemotional 23 (46.5) 35 (34.5) 77 (35.0) 31 (39.0) 49 (38.0) 71 (72.5)

Task-focused 42 (40.5) 33 (26.5) 73 (39.0) 70 (38.5) 35 (44.5) 114 (63.0)

Process oriented 9 (14.5) 5 (6.5) 15 (20.5) 19 (16.5) 4 (5.5) 23 (21.0)

Technology-related 8 (8.5) 4 (13.5) 12 (22.0)



Total number of utterances 108 (148.5) 84 (21.0) 192 (69.5) 137 (62.5) 72 (57.5) 217 (142.5)

Clinician dominanceb

1.3 (1.8)

1.4 (0.5)

Clinician directednessc

1.0 (1.6)

0.9 (2.5)

aStatistically significant difference between video and face-to-face at P<.01 level (Mann-Whitney U test).

bClinician dominance=ratio of clinician talk to patient talk (a figure above 1.0 means clinician talks more).

cClinician directedness=ratio of clinician to patient control over consultation (higher number ≥ clinician has more control).