Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics and Test Results Associated With Discontinuation of Antibiotic Therapy by Day 5 Among Patients Started on Empiric Therapy
| Clinical Characteristic | Received Empiric Antibiotics
(n = 1297) |
Discontinued
(n = 450) |
Continued
(n = 847) |
OR
(95% CI) |
P Value | AOR
(95% CI) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 726 (56) | 268 (60) | 458 (54) | 1.3 (1–1.6) | .06 | 1.1 (.9–1.5) | .28 |
| Age, y | |||||||
| <5 | 410 (32) | 86 (19) | 324 (38) | 0.2 (.2–.3) | <.01 | 0.3 (.2–.4) | <.01 |
| 5–11 | 204 (16) | 45 (10) | 159 (19) | 0.2 (.2–.4) | <.01 | 0.3 (.2–.4) | <.01 |
| 12–23 | 215 (17) | 118 (26) | 97 (11) | Ref | … | … | … |
| 24–59 | 385 (30) | 181 (40) | 204 (24) | 0.7 (.5–1) | .06 | 0.8 (.5–1.1) | .13 |
| ≥60 | 83 (6) | 20 (4) | 63 (7) | 0.3 (.1–.5) | <.01 | 0.3 (.2–.6) | <.01 |
| Altered mental status | 198 (15) | 59 (13) | 139 (16) | 0.8 (.5–1.1) | .12 | … | … |
| Cough | 626 (48) | 188 (42) | 438 (52) | 0.7 (.5–.8) | <.01 | 0.9 (.7–1.2) | .56 |
| Leukocytosis | 430 (34) | 109 (24) | 321 (38) | 0.5 (.4–.7) | <.01 | 0.7 (.6–1) | .04 |
| CSF pleocytosisa | 70 (33) | 13 (27) | 57 (35) | 0.7 (.3–1.5) | .38 | … | … |
| Infiltrate on chest radiographb | 173 (48) | 35 (47) | 138 (48) | 1 (.6–1.7) | .9 | … | … |
| Admitted to ICU | 288 (22) | 56 (12) | 232 (27) | 0.4 (.3–.5) | <.01 | 0.6 (.4–.9) | <.01 |
| Negative culture | |||||||
| Respiratory | 45 (3) | 15 (3) | 30 (4) | 0.9 (.5–1.8) | 1 | … | … |
| Urine | 110 (8) | 36 (8) | 74 (9) | 0.9 (.6–1.4) | .68 | … | … |
| CSF | 97 (7) | 21 (5) | 76 (9) | 0.5 (.3–.8) | <.01 | … | … |
| Negative respiratory, urine, or CSF culture | 240 (19) | 67 (15) | 173 (20) | 0.7 (.5–.9) | .02 | 0.7 (.5–.9) | .01 |
| Positive test, first 5 d of admission | |||||||
| Dengue or malaria | 162 (12) | 92 (20) | 70 (8) | 2.8 (2–4) | <.01 | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | .01 |
| Chikungunya | 21 (2) | 6 (1) | 15 (2) | 0.7 (.2–2.1) | .65 | … | … |
| Dengue | 96 (7) | 59 (13) | 37 (4) | 3.3 (2.1–5.2) | <.01 | … | … |
| Malaria | 71 (5) | 35 (8) | 36 (4) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | .01 | … | … |
Data are presented as No. (%) of patients; unadjusted ORs and associated P values were calculated using Fisher exact tests, with the exception of age, which was assessed as a categorical variable with logistic regression; AORs and associated P values were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference.
aLumbar puncture performed on 212 participants.
bChest radiography performed on 360 participants.