Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants With Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Bangkok, Thailand
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 430) |
No ARS (n = 95) |
ARS (n = 335) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 26 (23–31) | 26 (22–32) | 26 (23–31) | .898 |
| Male | 416 (96.7) | 91 (95.8) | 325 (97.0) | .521 |
| Risk group | .290 | |||
| MSM | 399 (92.8) | 85 (89.5) | 314 (93.7) | |
| Heterosexual male | 17 (4.0) | 6 (6.3) | 11 (3.3) | |
| Heterosexual female | 14 (3.2) | 4 (4.2) | 10 (3.0) | |
| Education level | .167 | |||
| Primary school or lower | 13 (3.0) | 4 (4.2) | 9 (2.7) | |
| Secondary school | 132 (30.7) | 37 (39.0) | 95 (28.4) | |
| Diploma | 29 (6.7) | 5 (5.2) | 24 (7.1) | |
| Bachelor degree or higher | 256 (59.5) | 49 (51.6) | 207 (61.8) | |
| Duration since HIV exposure, d, median (IQR) | 19 (15–25) | 15 (11–21) | 20 (16–26) | <.001 |
| No. of ARS symptoms, median (IQR) | 6 (3–8) | 1 (0–1) | 7 (5–9) | <.001 |
| HIV subtype (n = 293) | .573 | |||
| CRF01_AE | 238 (81.2) | 59 (81.9) | 179 (81.0) | |
| B | 11 (3.8) | 2 (2.8) | 9 (4.1) | |
| 01AE/B | 26 (8.9) | 5 (6.9) | 21 (9.5) | |
| Other | 3 (1.0) | … | 3 (1.4) | |
| Nontypeable | 15 (5.1) | 6 (8.3) | 9 (4.1) | |
| Fiebig stage | <.001 | |||
| I | 56 (13.0) | 41 (43.2) | 15 (4.5) | |
| II | 108 (25.1) | 28 (29.5) | 80 (23.9) | |
| III | 183 (42.6) | 16 (16.8) | 167 (49.9) | |
| IV | 52 (12.1) | 4 (4.2) | 48 (14.3) | |
| V | 31 (7.2) | 6 (6.3) | 25 (7.5) | |
| Initiated ART | 428 (99.5) | 95 (100) | 333 (99.4) | >.999 |
| Time from diagnosis to ART, d, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | .819 |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Participants with acute HIV infection were categorized based on the presence or absence of ARS, defined by report or observation of ≥3 qualifying signs/symptoms on a standardized checklist. Comparisons were made between participants with and without ARS using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Statistically significant comparisons (P < .05) are in bold.
Abbreviations: ARS, acute retroviral syndrome; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men.