Table.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Treatment Groupsa
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | Statisticb | P Valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group R-E (n = 44) |
Group NR-E (n = 43) |
|||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 48.3 (12.5) | 46.7 (12.8) | t = 0.56 | .57 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 32 (72.7) | 24 (55.8) | χ2 = 2.71 | .10 |
| Female | 12 (27.3) | 19 (44.2) | ||
| Race | ||||
| Black | 23 (52.3) | 23 (53.5) | χ2 = 0.13 | .91 |
| White or otherd | 21 (47.7) | 20 (46.5) | ||
| Education | ||||
| No HS completion | 3 (6.8) | 4 (9.3) | ||
| HS graduate or equivalent | 15 (34.1) | 13 (30.2) | χ2 = 0.27 | .87 |
| Some college or college graduate | 26 (59.1) | 26 (60.5) | ||
| Employed | ||||
| Yes | 19 (43.2) | 13 (30.2) | χ2 = 1.57 | .21 |
| No | 25 (56.8) | 30 (69.8) | ||
| Annualhousehold income, $ | ||||
| ≤20 000 | 18 (40.9) | 24 (55.8) | χ2 = 1.94 | .16 |
| >20 000 | 26 (59.1) | 19 (44.2) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 12 (27.3) | 12 (27.9) | χ2 = 0.004 | .95 |
| Othere | 32 (72.7) | 31 (72.1) | ||
| Age at first cigarette smoked, mean (SD), y | 15.0 (4.4) | 13.9 (4.8) | t = 1.06 | .29 |
| No. of cigarettes smoked/d,f mean (SD) | 16.9 (6.7) | 16.0 (7.8) | t = 0.54 | .59 |
| CO level, mean (SD), ppm | 6.2 (2.3) | 6.2 (2.7) | t = 0.27 | .79 |
| Cotinine level, mean (SD), μg/L | 871.1 (613.7) | 1067.4 (584.2) | t = 1.53 | .13 |
| History of smoking, mean (SD), y | 28.1 (12.1) | 27.8 (13.3) | t = 0.09 | .93 |
| No. of past quit attempts, mean (SD) | 5.6 (18.8) | 5.7 (8.4) | t = 0.01 | .99 |
| FTND totalscore, mean (SD) | 4.9 (2.0) | 4.8 (1.6) | t = 0.24 | .81 |
| No. of MINI diagnoses | ||||
| 0 | 7 (15.9) | 10 (23.3) | χ2 = 1.66 | .44 |
| 1 | 9 (20.5) | 5 (11.6) | ||
| ≥2 | 28 (63.6) | 28 (65.1) | ||
Abbreviations: CO, carbon monoxide; FTND, Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence; HS, high school; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; NR-E, nonsmoking-related retrieval–extinction; R-E, retrieval-extinction.
SI conversion factor: To convert cotinine to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 5.675.
All assessments were collected at baseline.
Group differences were assessed via t tests (continuous) or χ2 tests (categorical). For all t tests, df = 85, and for all χ2 tests, df = 1.
From 2-tailed tests, with α < .05.
Includes persons who identified as white, Asian, Native American, Alaskan native, or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
Identifies persons never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
Data on the number of cigarettes smoked per day are reported for the past 2 weeks prior to the baseline session (assessed via the timeline follow-back method).