Figure 2.

MAPK pathway alterations in melanoma. RAS (usually NRAS-activating mutation), BRAF-activating mutations and NF1-inactivating mutations are common drivers of constitutive MAPK pathway activation in melanoma. Activation of the MAPK pathway in isolation provides a strong proliferative signal, but ultimately negative feedback loops result in growth arrest. *Small proportion of HRAS, KRAS mutations. **KIT, GNAQ and GNA11 mutations. Mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.³⁷