Table 2.
Descriptive statistics, internal consistency (n = 567) and reliability (n = 182) where all items are codeda 0 to 4 for comparison
| Instrument/item | % miss | Mean (SD) | Frequencies % | Cronbach’s alpha (scale)/item scale correlation | Test-retest ICC (scores), weighted kappa (items) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||
| Lower Extremity Functional Scale LEFSb | 4.2 | 67.20 (15.09) | 0.96 | 0.91 | |||||
| LEFS adjustedc | 2.8 | 83.89 (19.01) | – | 0.91 | |||||
| 1 Usual work, housework, school | 2.6 | 3.51 (0.89) | 1.8 | 2.5 | 8.2 | 17.5 | 70.0 | 0.81 | 0.77 |
| 2 Hobbies, recreational, sports | 4.9 | 3.22 (1.02) | 2.8 | 5.4 | 10.2 | 29.8 | 51.8 | 0.78 | 0.76 |
| 3 Getting in and out of bath | 5.8 | 3.54 (0.97) | 3.4 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 12.4 | 75.9 | 0.72 | 0.76 |
| 4 Walking between rooms | 2.8 | 3.91 (0.40) | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 5.3 | 93.1 | 0.56 | 0.70 |
| 5 Putting on socks or shoes | 3.0 | 3.65 (0.72) | 0.9 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 17.3 | 75.4 | 0.70 | 0.71 |
| 6 Squatting | 3.0 | 3.03 (1.30) | 7.8 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 21.7 | 53.3 | 0.73 | 0.74 |
| 7 Lifting things up from floor | 2.1 | 3.82 (0.57) | 0.9 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 88.4 | 0.61 | 0.79 |
| 8 Light activities in the home | 2.5 | 3.82 (0.54) | 0.2 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 8.5 | 87.3 | 0.69 | 0.78 |
| 9 Heavy activities in the home | 2.5 | 3.27 (1.05) | 2.7 | 6.5 | 9.4 | 23.2 | 58.1 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| 10 Getting in/out of car | 2.5 | 3.72 (0.64) | 0.2 | 1.6 | 4.4 | 14.2 | 79.7 | 0.67 | 0.68 |
| 11 Walking 2 blocks | 3.0 | 3.69 (0.82) | 2.4 | 1.5 | 4.4 | 8.2 | 83.6 | 0.74 | 0.80 |
| 12 Walking a mile | 3.4 | 3.42 (1.07) | 4.2 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 13.7 | 70.3 | 0.82 | 0.84 |
| 13 Going up or down ten stairs | 3.2 | 3.65 (0.78) | 1.1 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 13.9 | 77.7 | 0.75 | 0.73 |
| 14 Standing 1 h | 2.8 | 3.11 (1.21) | 6.0 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 24.0 | 53.6 | 0.84 | 0.85 |
| 15 Sitting 1 h | 3.4 | 3.77 (0.65) | 0.5 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 9.5 | 84.8 | 0.51 | 0.57 |
| 16 Running on even ground | 5.1 | 2.74 (1.46) | 13.6 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 20.7 | 45.5 | 0.85 | 0.87 |
| 17 Running on uneven ground | 4.4 | 2.46 (1.47) | 16.3 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 24.4 | 33.5 | 0.83 | 0.85 |
| 18 Sharp turns when running fast | 4.9 | 2.53 (1.52) | 17.1 | 12.5 | 9.3 | 22.0 | 39.1 | 0.84 | 0.82 |
| 19 Hopping | 4.6 | 2.43 (1.53) | 18.2 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 19.9 | 36.5 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
| 20 Rolling over in bed | 2.7 | 3.82 (0.54) | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 10.0 | 86.7 | 0.56 | 0.65 |
| Olerud-Molander Ankle Score OMAS | 17.3 | 74.12 (24.91) | 0.82 | 0.92 | |||||
| OMAS adjustedc | 1.6 | 75.62 (24.07) | – | 0.91 | |||||
| 1 Pain when walking | 4.9 | 3.01 (1.21) | 7.3 | 4.8 | 13.8 | 27.6 | 46.6 | 0.67 | 0.76 |
| 2 Stiffness (2 pt. scale) | 2.7 | 1.81 (1.99) | 54.7 | 45.3 | 0.55 | 0.77 | |||
| 3 Swelling (3 pt. scale) | 3.5 | 2.83 (1.53) | 17.1 | 24.2 | 58.7 | 0.51 | 0.80 | ||
| 4 Use of stairs (2 pt. scale) | 1.2 | 3.25 (1.03) | 1.4 | 35.8 | 63.8 | 0.73 | 0.81 | ||
| 5 Running (2 pt. scale) | 2.5 | 2.66 (1.89) | 33.6 | 66.4 | 0.66 | 0.81 | |||
| 6 Jumping (2 pt. scale) | 6.2 | 2.60 (1.91) | 34.9 | 65.1 | 0.65 | 0.80 | |||
| 7 Squatting (2 pt. scale) | 4.6 | 2.68 (1.88) | 33.0 | 67.0 | 0.61 | 0.68 | |||
| 8 Assistive devices (3 pt. scale) | 3.2 | 3.72 (0.91) | 4.4 | 5.3 | 90.3 | 0.37 | 0.90 | ||
| 0 | 1.33 | 2.67 | 4 | ||||||
| 9 Work and daily activities (4 pt. scale) | 2.5 | 3.27 (1.14) | 6.4 | 5.1 | 25.8 | 62.8 | 0.66 | 0.77 | |
| Self-Reported Foot & Ankle Score SEFAS | 8.5 | 20.78 (9.16) | 0.93 | 0.93 | |||||
| SEFAS adjustedc | 1.6 | 81.40 (19.17) | – | 0.93 | |||||
| 1 Usual pain level | 1.6 | 2.76 (1.51) | 2.9 | 14.9 | 19.1 | 29.3 | 33.8 | 0.82 | 0.83 |
| 2 Walking time before pain too much | 3.7 | 3.58 (0.83) | 0.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 14.7 | 74.8 | 0.69 | 0.76 |
| 3 Work not done as carefully as usual | 2.5 | 3.27 (0.96) | 2.2 | 3.8 | 12.0 | 28.5 | 53.5 | 0.69 | 0.78 |
| 4 Use of special innersoles and shoes | 1.9 | 3.54 (1.06) | 4.7 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 8.8 | 79.6 | 0.35 | 0.69 |
| 5 Usual work, housework, hobbies | 2.1 | 3.29 (0.99) | 1.1 | 6.9 | 11.0 | 23.5 | 57.5 | 0.87 | 0.85 |
| 6 Limping | 1.6 | 3.02 (1.23) | 6.8 | 4.5 | 22.7 | 11.0 | 55.0 | 0.75 | 0.77 |
| 7 Staircase | 2.3 | 3.55 (0.80) | 0.9 | 2.0 | 8.3 | 18.5 | 70.3 | 0.71 | 0.80 |
| 8 Problem in bed | 1.6 | 3.21 (1.10) | 2.5 | 4.7 | 22.7 | 10.1 | 60.1 | 0.72 | 0.70 |
| 9 Usual free time activities | 1.8 | 3.11 (1.09) | 2.7 | 9.2 | 10.6 | 29.7 | 47.7 | 0.86 | 0.88 |
| 10 Swelling | 2.1 | 3.00 (1.20) | 7.1 | 6.9 | 9.4 | 32.4 | 44.3 | 0.57 | 0.90 |
| 11 Getting up from a chair | 1.8 | 3.60 (0.72) | 0.2 | 1.8 | 7.0 | 19.6 | 71.4 | 0.77 | 0.77 |
| 12 Sudden strong pain | 1.8 | 3.15 (1.02) | 1.3 | 3.4 | 27.7 | 14.2 | 53.2 | 0.68 | 0.77 |
aTo aid comparison, all items were coded from 0 to 4 where 4 is the best possible health; OMAS values in italics represent the four scale points for item 9 converted to the 0–4 scale. LEFS and SEFAS have five-point scales for all items. OMAS scaling varies across items which gives the blank spaces for those items with four or less scale categories
bInstrument scoring: LEFS 0–80 where 80 is the best possible; LEFS adjusted 0–100 where 100 is the best possible; OMAS 0–100 where 100 is the best possible health; SEFAS 12–60 where 60 is the worst possible; SEFAS adjusted 0–100 where 100 is the best possible health
cMean imputation was used when half or fewer items were missing